Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C7H15NO3 |
Molecular Weight | 161.1989 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=PHIQHXFUZVPYII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3
Molecular Formula | C7H15NO3 |
Molecular Weight | 161.1989 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | MIXED |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16924874
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16924874
L-carnitine (L-beta-hydroxy-gamma-N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyric acid) is conditionally necessary for mitochondrial transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, and thus for myocardial energetic metabolism. D-carnitine is not biologically active and might interfere with proper utilization of the L isomer, and so there are claims that the racemic mixture (DL-carnitine) should be avoided. The pharmacological effects of carnitine are stereospecific: L-carnitine was effective in various animal and clinical studies, while D- and DL-carnitine was found to be ineffective or even toxic to some cells and tissues, such as muscle cells and the myocardium. DL-carnitine caused symptoms of myasthenia and cardiac arrhythmias, which disappeared after L-carnitine administration.
Approval Year
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Carnitine protection against adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. | 1986 Feb 10 |
|
Carnitine deficiency associated with long-term pivampicillin treatment: the effect of a replacement therapy regime. | 1992 Nov |
|
Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on acute valproate intoxication. | 1996 Jul |
|
Attenuation of levodopa-induced dyskinesia by normalizing dopamine D3 receptor function. | 2003 Jun |
|
Renal transport of organic compounds mediated by mouse organic anion transporter 3 (mOat3): further substrate specificity of mOat3. | 2004 May |
|
Lethal cardiomyopathy in epidermolysis bullosa associated with amitriptyline. | 2005 Aug |
|
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods. | 2005 Jun |
|
Involvement of recognition and interaction of carnitine transporter in the decrease of L-carnitine concentration induced by pivalic acid and valproic acid. | 2006 Aug |
|
Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of zwitterionic drugs (levofloxacin and grepafloxacin) on carnitine transporter (OCTN2) in Caco-2 cells. | 2006 Nov |
|
L-carnitine mediates protection against DNA damage in lymphocytes of aged rats. | 2009 Apr |
|
Carnitine deficiency: a possible risk factor in paracetamol hepatotoxicity. | 2009 Feb |
|
Inactivation by omeprazole of the carnitine transporter (OCTN2) reconstituted in liposomes. | 2009 May 15 |
|
Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in a neonate with congenital acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 2010 Apr |
|
Inhibition of gene expression of heart fatty acid binding protein and organic cation/carnitine transporter in doxorubicin cardiomyopathic rat model. | 2010 Aug 25 |
|
Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, rapidly improved by i.v. carnitine and glucose/thiamine. | 2010 Jun |
|
Selective regulation of cardiac organic cation transporter novel type 2 (OCTN2) in dilated cardiomyopathy. | 2011 Jun |
|
The protection role of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in the testes of cadmium-exposed rats. | 2012 |
|
Inhibition of mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter by H(2)O(2): molecular mechanism and possible implication in pathophysiology. | 2013 Apr 25 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11742582
in rat: supplemented with dl-carnitine (DLC) (1.2 mmol . kg-1. d-1)
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12937794
Using rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations indirectly and directly stimulated with high rate pulses, D-carnitine (30 and 60 micro M), L-carnitine (60 micro M) and DL-carnitine (60 micro M) were shown to induce tetanic fade (D-carnitine = 19.7 +/- 3.1%, N = 6; L-carnitine = 16.6 +/- 2.4%, N = 6; DL-carnitine = 14.9 +/- 2.1%, N = 6) without any reduction of maximal tetanic tension. It was shown, that tetanic fade induced by L- and DL-carnitine was antagonized by choline (60 micro M).
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
by
admin
on
Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
Record UNII |
S7UI8SM58A
|
Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
Record Version |
|
-
Download
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Official Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
LOINC |
53096-4
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2047-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
22695-1
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2048-7
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88008-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
55200-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
17867-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
14285-1
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
34259-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2042-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
24453-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53235-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
44710-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
38481-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
14288-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88007-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
54442-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
780220
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
38480-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53071-7
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53233-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53234-1
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
48430-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
14287-7
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
43576-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
16556-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53112-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
45192-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2045-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53238-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
24448-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
CFR |
21 CFR 862.1055
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2046-1
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88024-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
22704-1
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
18363-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88011-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53072-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
30193-7
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
16555-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2043-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53054-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
43186-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88025-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53171-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53236-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
13718-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
59206-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
599517
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
24451-7
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
34257-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88006-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
40869-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
2044-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
24452-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
14286-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
16553-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
10561-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
32281-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
26788-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
32613-2
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
34258-4
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53095-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53053-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
10877-9
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
17866-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
88014-6
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
13719-0
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
26757-5
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
||
|
LOINC |
53162-4
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
100000090457
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
39547
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
4083
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
2106
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
C82599
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB06134MIG
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
S7UI8SM58A
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
288
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
461-06-3
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
SUPERSEDED | |||
|
17126
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
16347
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CHEMBL172513
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
D002331
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CARNITINE
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID3022744
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C1505
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
CONCEPT | Dietary Supplement | ||
|
3424
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
M3119
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
757390
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:23 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
406-76-8
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
S7UI8SM58A
Created by
admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:44:22 UTC 2023
|
PRIMARY |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
|
||
|
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
|
||
|
SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
|
||
|
TRANSPORTER -> SUBSTRATE |
Km
|
||
|
ENANTIOMER -> RACEMATE |
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
METABOLITE -> PARENT |
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
ACTIVE MOIETY |
|