CYCLIZINE

US Approved OTC

First approved in 1953

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C18H22N2
Molecular Weight	266.3807
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CN1CCN(CC1)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=UVKZSORBKUEBAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H22N2/c1-19-12-14-20(15-13-19)18(16-8-4-2-5-9-16)17-10-6-3-7-11-17/h2-11,18H,12-15H2,1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C18H22N2
Molecular Weight	266.3807
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/14672/SPC/Valoid+Tablets/
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003501

Cyclizine (cyclizine hydrochloride, Valoid®) is a histamine H1 antagonist of the piperazine class which is characterised by a low incidence of drowsiness. It possesses anticholinergic and antiemetic properties. The exact mechanism by which cyclizin (cyclizine hydrochloride, Valoid®) can prevent or suppress both nausea and vomiting from various causes is unknown. It increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone and reduces the sensitivity of the labyrinthine apparatus. It may inhibit the part of the midbrain known collectively as the emetic centre.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Histamine H1 receptor 315 Target ID: CHEMBL231 Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/14672	Antagonist 2778		5.42 µM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Postoperative nausea and vomiting 29 Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/14672	Preventing	Approved 8429	VALOID Approved Use Valoid is indicated for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting including: • Motion sickness. • Nausea and vomiting caused by narcotic analgesics and by general anaesthetics in the post-operative period. • Vomiting associated with radiotherapy, especially for breast cancer since cyclizine does not elevate prolactin levels. Valoid may be of value in relieving vomiting and attacks of vertigo associated with Meniere's disease and other forms of vestibular disturbance. Launch Date 2005
Motion sickness 43 Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/14672	Preventing	Approved 8429	VALOID Approved Use Valoid is indicated for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting including: • Motion sickness. • Nausea and vomiting caused by narcotic analgesics and by general anaesthetics in the post-operative period. • Vomiting associated with radiotherapy, especially for breast cancer since cyclizine does not elevate prolactin levels. Valoid may be of value in relieving vomiting and attacks of vertigo associated with Meniere's disease and other forms of vestibular disturbance. Launch Date 2005
Vomiting associated with radiotherapy 4 Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/14672	Preventing	Approved 8429	VALOID Approved Use Valoid is indicated for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting including: • Motion sickness. • Nausea and vomiting caused by narcotic analgesics and by general anaesthetics in the post-operative period. • Vomiting associated with radiotherapy, especially for breast cancer since cyclizine does not elevate prolactin levels. Valoid may be of value in relieving vomiting and attacks of vertigo associated with Meniere's disease and other forms of vestibular disturbance. Launch Date 2005

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
90 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0928098796001777	18.682 mg single, intravenous dose: 18.682 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		CYCLIZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
273.53 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0928098796001777	18.682 mg single, intravenous dose: 18.682 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		CYCLIZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
13.53 h EXPERIMENT https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0928098796001777	18.682 mg single, intravenous dose: 18.682 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		CYCLIZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
50 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 50 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 50 mg Co-administed with:: morphine(10 mg) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603456/	healthy, 34 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Condition: pregnancy Age Group: 34 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603456/	Other AEs: Dystonic reaction... Other AEs: Dystonic reaction (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603456/
80 mg/kg single, oral Lethal dose Dose: 80 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 80 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	unhealthy, children and adults Health Status: unhealthy Condition: nausea and vomiting Age Group: children and adults Sex: unknown Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	Disc. AE: Death... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Death (grade 5) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/
5 mg/kg single, oral Toxic dose Dose: 5 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 5 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	unhealthy, children and adults n = 38 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: nausea and vomiting Age Group: children and adults Sex: unknown Population Size: 38 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	Other AEs: Convulsions... Other AEs: Convulsions (38 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Dystonic reaction	1 patient	50 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 50 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 50 mg Co-administed with:: morphine(10 mg) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603456/	healthy, 34 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Condition: pregnancy Age Group: 34 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12603456/
Death	grade 5 Disc. AE	80 mg/kg single, oral Lethal dose Dose: 80 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 80 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	unhealthy, children and adults Health Status: unhealthy Condition: nausea and vomiting Age Group: children and adults Sex: unknown Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/
Convulsions	38 patients	5 mg/kg single, oral Toxic dose Dose: 5 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 5 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/	unhealthy, children and adults n = 38 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: nausea and vomiting Age Group: children and adults Sex: unknown Population Size: 38 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7062687/

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
	inhibitor 1767	substrate 1217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
	UGT1A1 418 UGT1A3 422 UGT1A4 347 UGT1A6 307 UGT1A7 236 UGT1A8 283 UGT1A9 380 UGT1A10 291 UGT2B4 249 UGT2B7 389 UGT2B10 127 UGT2B15 203 UGT2B17 213	MRP4 32 BCRP 75

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
BCRP 773	inducer 1573 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	yes
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/15053/1/WilliamsonBet_Sep2013_15053.pdf#page=38 Page: 38.0	yes
MRP4 238	inducer 1573 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
UGT1A1 418	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A10 291	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A3 422	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A4 347	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A6 307	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A7 236	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A8 283	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT1A9 380	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT2B15 203	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT2B17 213	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT2B4 249	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT2B7 389	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	no
UGT2B10 127	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29691239/	yes
CYP2D6 1217	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22209223/	yes	yes (pharmacogenomic study) Comment: The median overall metabolic ratio at steady state was 4.9 (3.8-9.2) and did vary with CYP2D6 genotype (P=0.02). Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22209223/

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:3994	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:3994
ZINC	ZINC000019156872	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000019156872
eMolecules	901706	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=901706

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Patterns of ergotamine and sumatriptan use in the Netherlands from 1991 to 1997.	2001 Jun	11472386
Pre-emptive metoclopramide and ondansetron for nausea and vomiting associated with iloprost infusions.	2001 Jun	11468879
Drugs and syringe drivers: a survey of adult specialist palliative care practice in the United Kingdom and Eire.	2001 Mar	11301666
Standard treatment: the role of antihistamines.	2001 Nov	11764306
Subcutaneous cyclizine.	2001 Sep	11550689
Simultaneous screening and quantitation of 18 antihistamine drugs in blood by liquid chromatography ionspray tandem mass spectrometry.	2001 Sep 15	11516895
Comparison of cyclizine and ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in laparoscopic day-case gynaecological surgery.	2002 Jan	11843745
Biotransformation of cyclizine in greyhounds. 2: N(1)-dealkylation and identification of some neutral and phenolic metabolites in canine urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	2002 Sep	12396277
Cyclizine.	2003 May	12748165
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal morphine for Caesarean section: comparison of cyclizine, dexamethasone and placebo.	2003 May	12697596
Dystonic reaction to cyclizine.	2003 Sep	12911389
Is intraperitoneal levobupivacaine with epinephrine useful for analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A randomized controlled trial.	2004 Aug	15473621
Improving the acceptability of the atrial defibrillator for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: the atrial defibrillator sedation assessment study (ADSAS).	2004 Aug	15262026
Outcome and patient acceptance of outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy.	2004 Jul-Sep	15347113
The Cyclimorph cough.	2004 Jun	15144309
Transient paralysis after administration of a single dose of cyclizine.	2005 Dec	16288623
Diluent choice for subcutaneous infusion: a survey of the literature and Australian practice.	2005 Feb	15798495
Prolonged extra-pyramidal side effects after discontinuation of haloperidol as an antiemetic.	2006 Apr	16764227
Use of intravenous cyclizine in cardiac chest pain.	2006 Jul	16794116
Akathisia and an unusual symptomatic treatment: a case report.	2007 Dec	18073258
Optimal management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.	2010 Aug 4	21151729
Prescribing for migraine with the focus on selective 5HT1-receptor agonists: a pharmacy database analysis.	2010 May	20420788
Boosting blood flow: intravenous cyclizine in microsurgery.	2010 Sep	20811206

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

1 tablet (50 mg) orally, which may be repeated up to three times a day.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Cyclizine was tested for its effect on anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human lung fragments in vitro. IC50 value was 5.42 uM (0.14-20.44).

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 16:44:53 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 16:44:53 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	QRW9FCR9P2
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

CYCLIZINE

Official Name

English

CYCLIZINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

CYCLIZINE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

CYCLIZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

1-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-methylpiperazine

Systematic Name

English

cyclizine [INN]

Common Name

English

CYCLIZINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

Cyclizine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

PIPERAZINE, 1-(DIPHENYLMETHYL)-4-METHYL-

Systematic Name

English

NSC-26608

Code

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST

8.4