Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C17H23NO3 |
Molecular Weight | 289.3701 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN1[C@]2([H])CC[C@@]1([H])C[C@]([H])(C2)OC(=O)[C@]([H])(CO)c3ccccc3
InChI
InChIKey=RKUNBYITZUJHSG-FXUDXRNXSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16-/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C17H23NO3 |
Molecular Weight | 289.3701 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic. Hyoscyamine is used to treat a variety of stomach/intestinal problems such as cramps and irritable bowel syndrome. It is also used to treat other conditions such as bladder and bowel control problems, cramping pain caused by kidney stones and gallstones, and Parkinson's disease. In addition, it is used to decrease side effects of certain medications (drugs used to treat myasthenia gravis) and insecticides. Hyoscyamine inhibits specifically the actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, and the exocrine glands. At therapeutic doses, it is completely devoid of any action on autonomic ganglia. Side effects include dry mouth and throat, increased appetite leading to weight gain, eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrhythmia, flushing, and faintness. Additive adverse effects resulting from cholinergic blockade may occur when hyoscyamine is administered concomitantly with other antimuscarinics, amantadine, haloperidol, phenothiazines, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or some antihistamines.
Approval Year
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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The history of barbiturates a century after their clinical introduction. | 2005 Dec |
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Identification and estimation of the levo isomer in raw materials and finished products containing atropine and/or hyoscyamine. | 2005 Jan-Feb |
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Conductimetric determination of phenylpropanolamine HCl, ranitidine HCl, hyoscyamine HBr and betaine HCl in their pure state and pharmaceutical preparations. | 2005 Jun-Jul |
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Structural and functional comparison of HemN to other radical SAM enzymes. | 2005 Oct |
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Enhanced secretion of tropane alkaloids in Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots expressing heterologous hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase. | 2005 Oct |
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Simultaneous analysis of hyoscyamine, scopolamine, 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine and apoatropine in Solanaceous hairy roots by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | 2005 Oct 14 |
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PVC membrane ion-selective electrodes for the determination of Hyoscyamine in pure solution and in pharmaceutical preparations under batch and flow modes. | 2005 Sep 1 |
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Tailoring tropane alkaloid accumulation in transgenic hairy roots of Atropa baetica by over-expressing the gene encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase. | 2006 Aug |
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Immunolocalisation of two tropinone reductases in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) root, stolon, and tuber sprouts. | 2006 Dec |
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Putrescine N-methyltransferase in Solanum tuberosum L., a calystegine-forming plant. | 2006 Jan |
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Studies on tropane alkaloid extraction by volatile organic solvents: dichloromethane vs. chloroform. | 2006 Mar-Apr |
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Heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) and cultivation conditions affect the alkaloid profile of Hyoscyamus muticus hairy roots. | 2006 Mar-Apr |
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Functional genomic analysis of alkaloid biosynthesis in Hyoscyamus niger reveals a cytochrome P450 involved in littorine rearrangement. | 2006 May |
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Self-amputation of penis and tongue after use of Angel's Trumpet. | 2006 Oct |
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Biotransformation of hyoscyamine into scopolamine in transgenic tobacco cell cultures. | 2007 Apr |
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Tropane and nicotine alkaloid biosynthesis-novel approaches towards biotechnological production of plant-derived pharmaceuticals. | 2007 Aug |
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How polyamine synthesis inhibitors and cinnamic acid affect tropane alkaloid production. | 2007 Jan |
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Production of tropane alkaloids by small-scale bubble column bioreactor cultures of Scopolia parviflora adventitious roots. | 2007 Jul |
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a new cDNA encoding hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase from roots of Anisodus acutangulus. | 2007 Sep 30 |
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Endoscopic findings in loin pain hematuria syndrome: concentric clot in calyceal fornices. | 2008 |
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Choice of antimuscarinic agents for overactive bladder in the older patient: focus on darifenacin. | 2008 |
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Neurogenic bladder: etiology and assessment. | 2008 Apr |
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[Determination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in serum and urine of humans by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry]. | 2008 Aug |
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The carbon-skeleton rearrangement in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. | 2008 Aug 13 |
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Reasons for noncompliance with five-yearly screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. | 2008 Feb 2 |
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A study of the teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of large doses of barbital, hexobarbital and butobarbital used for suicide attempts by pregnant women. | 2008 Feb-Mar |
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Sublingual hyoscyamine spray as premedication for colonoscopy: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. | 2008 Jul |
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Effect of chromium species on phytochemical and physiological parameters in Datura innoxia. | 2008 Jun |
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Characterization of Atropa belladonna L. compounds by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry. | 2008 May |
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Expression of Brugmansia candida Hyoscyamine 6beta-Hydroxylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its potential use as biocatalyst. | 2008 May 27 |
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Responses of fungi to tropane alkaloids produced by a medicinal plant Hyoscyamus muticus (Egyptian henbane). | 2009 |
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Molecular cloning and mRNA expression profiling of the first specific jasmonate biosynthetic pathway gene allene oxide synthase from Hyoscyamus niger. | 2009 Apr |
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Allosteric interaction of the anticholinergic drug [N-(4-phenyl)-phenacyl-l-hyoscyamine] (Phenthonium) with nicotinic receptors of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons of the rat vas deferens. | 2009 Aug 15 |
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Screening pharmaceuticals for possible carcinogenic effects: initial positive results for drugs not previously screened. | 2009 Dec |
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Yeast cell factory: fishing for the best one or engineering it? | 2009 Oct 12 |
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Molecular cloning and characterization of two tropinone reductases in Anisodus acutangulus and enhancement of tropane alkaloid production in AaTRI-transformed hairy roots. | 2009 Oct 23 |
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Mechanistic insights into the cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation and rearrangement of littorine in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. | 2009 Sep 21 |
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Inappropriate prescribing in the hospitalized elderly patient: defining the problem, evaluation tools, and possible solutions. | 2010 Apr 7 |
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An anesthetic experience with cesarean section in a patient with vasovagal syncope -A case report-. | 2010 Aug |
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Hospice use and outcomes in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. | 2010 Dec |
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Biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase from Datura metel L. | 2010 Dec |
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Cementless total hip replacement: a prospective clinical study of the early functional and radiological outcomes of three different hip stems. | 2010 Jan |
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An unusual case of anisocoria by vegetal intoxication: a case report. | 2010 Jul 20 |
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DFT-GIAO(1)H NMR chemical shifts prediction for the spectral assignment and conformational analysis of the anticholinergic drugs (-)-scopolamine and (-)-hyoscyamine. | 2010 Jun |
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Anisodamine production from natural sources: seedlings and hairy root cultures of Argentinean and Colombian Brugmansia candida plants. | 2010 Mar |
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Differential production of tropane alkaloids in hairy roots and in vitro cultured two accessions of Atropa belladonna L. under nitrate treatments. | 2010 May-Jun |
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Optimization of the culture medium composition to improve the production of hyoscyamine in elicited Datura stramonium L. hairy roots using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). | 2010 Nov 18 |
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High-performance liquid-chromatographic tandem-mass spectrometric methods for atropinesterase-mediated enantioselective and chiral determination of R- and S-hyoscyamine in plasma. | 2010 Nov 8 |
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Enantiomeric differentiation of atropine/hyoscyamine by (13) C NMR spectroscopy and its application to Datura stramonium extract. | 2010 Nov-Dec |
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The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia. | 2010 Sep 12 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.rxlist.com/levsin-drug.htm#dosage
1 to 2 tablets (0.125 mg) every four hours or as needed. Do not exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Jun 25 22:12:12 UTC 2021
by
admin
on
Fri Jun 25 22:12:12 UTC 2021
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Record UNII |
PX44XO846X
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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WHO-VATC |
QA03CB31
Created by
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WHO-ATC |
A03CB31
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LIVERTOX |
493
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WHO-ATC |
A03BA03
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WHO-VATC |
QA03BA03
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29704
Created by
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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PX44XO846X
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1402
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SUB14160MIG
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153970
Created by
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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HYOSCYAMINE
Created by
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3552
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C29104
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CHEMBL1331216
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DB00424
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101-31-5
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202-933-0
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M6167
Created by
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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RACEMATE -> ENANTIOMER | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT | |||
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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SALT/SOLVATE -> PARENT |
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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