Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C10H12FN5O4 |
Molecular Weight | 285.2318 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
NC1=NC(F)=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O
InChI
InChIKey=HBUBKKRHXORPQB-FJFJXFQQSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H12FN5O4/c11-10-14-7(12)4-8(15-10)16(2-13-4)9-6(19)5(18)3(1-17)20-9/h2-3,5-6,9,17-19H,1H2,(H2,12,14,15)/t3-,5-,6+,9-/m1/s1
Molecular Formula | C10H12FN5O4 |
Molecular Weight | 285.2318 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Fludarabine or fludarabine phosphate is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies (cancers of blood cells such as leukemias and lymphomas). It is a purine analog, which interferes with DNA synthesis. Fludarabine phosphate is a fluorinated nucleotide analog of the antiviral agent vidarabine, 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), that is relatively resistant to deamination by adenosine deaminase. Fludarabine (marketed as fludarabine phosphate under the trade name Fludara) is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Fludarabine phosphate is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. This metabolite appears to act by inhibiting DNA polymerase alpha, ribonucleotide reductase and DNA primase, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. The mechanism of action of this antimetabolite is not completely characterized and may be multi-faceted.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1828 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL1830 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=23115527 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE Approved UseFludarabine Phosphate Injection is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
who have not responded to or whose disease has progressed during treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimen. The safety and effectiveness of Fludarabine Phosphate Injection in previously untreated or non-refractory patients with CLL have not been established. Important Limitations Fludarabine Phosphate Injection should not be used in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Launch Date2007 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
4.28 μM EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211431 |
30 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUDARABINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
21.55 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211431 |
30 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUDARABINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.9 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211431 |
30 mg/m² single, intravenous dose: 30 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
FLUDARABINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
20 h |
25 mg/m² 1 times / day multiple, intravenous dose: 25 mg/m² route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
FLUDARABINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
100 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 32 years (range: 19-59 years) n = 2 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Acute Leukemia Age Group: 32 years (range: 19-59 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 2 Sources: |
Other AEs: Leukopenia... |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, intravenous MTD Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 32 years (range: 19-59 years) n = 11 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Acute Leukemia Age Group: 32 years (range: 19-59 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 11 Sources: |
|
20 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 20 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 20 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 55 years (range: 26-78 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 55 years (range: 26-78 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
45 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 45 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 55 years (range: 26-78 years) n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 55 years (range: 26-78 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
DLT: Myelosuppression... Dose limiting toxicities: Myelosuppression (1 patient) Sources: |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Disc. AE: Thrombocytopenia, Anemia hemolytic autoimmune... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Thrombocytopenia (1 patient) Sources: Page: p. 61Anemia hemolytic autoimmune (3 patients) Pneumonia (1 patient) Anemia (1 patient) Foot drop (1 patient) Sepsis (1 patient) Bronchitis (1 patient) Rash (1 patient) Face edema (1 patient) |
25 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, intravenous Recommended Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
Other AEs: CNS toxicity, Hemolytic anemia... Other AEs: CNS toxicity Sources: Hemolytic anemia Pulmonary toxicity |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
Other AEs: CNS toxicity, Hemolytic anemia... Other AEs: CNS toxicity Sources: Hemolytic anemia Pulmonary toxicity |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Leukopenia | 2 patients | 100 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Highest studied dose Dose: 100 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 32 years (range: 19-59 years) n = 2 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Acute Leukemia Age Group: 32 years (range: 19-59 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 2 Sources: |
Myelosuppression | 1 patient DLT, Disc. AE |
45 mg/m2 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 45 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 45 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 55 years (range: 26-78 years) n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 55 years (range: 26-78 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Anemia | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Bronchitis | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Face edema | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Foot drop | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Pneumonia | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Rash | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Sepsis | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Thrombocytopenia | 1 patient Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
Anemia hemolytic autoimmune | 3 patients Disc. AE |
40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p. 61 |
unhealthy, 64 years (range: 30-75 years) n = 81 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 64 years (range: 30-75 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 81 Sources: Page: p. 61 |
CNS toxicity | 25 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, intravenous Recommended Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
Hemolytic anemia | 25 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, intravenous Recommended Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
Pulmonary toxicity | 25 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, intravenous Recommended Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 25 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
CNS toxicity | 40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
Hemolytic anemia | 40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
|
Pulmonary toxicity | 40 mg/m2 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg/m2, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Age Group: adult Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022273s000_ClinPharmR.pdf#page=41 Page: 41.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022273s000_ClinPharmR.pdf#page=41 Page: 41.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022273s000_ClinPharmR.pdf#page=27 Page: 27.0 |
weak |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
In vitro biological activity of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine and the biochemical actions of its triphosphate on DNA polymerases and ribonucleotide reductase from HeLa cells. | 1982 Mar |
|
Neurotoxicity associated with fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy for acute leukemia and myelodysplasia. | 1993 Mar |
|
Apoptosis induction with three nucleoside analogs on freshly isolated B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. | 1994 Dec |
|
Increased p21/WAF-1 and p53 protein levels following sequential three drug combination regimen of fludarabine, cytarabine and docetaxel induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells. | 1998 Jul-Aug |
|
Delayed onset of autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicating cladribine therapy for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. | 2000 Mar |
|
Acute left ventricular failure following melphalan and fludarabine conditioning. | 2001 Jul |
|
Caspase 8 activation independent of Fas (CD95/APO-1) signaling may mediate killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by cytotoxic drugs or gamma radiation. | 2001 Nov 1 |
|
Cellular and clinical pharmacology of fludarabine. | 2002 |
|
A phase I study of fludarabine combined with radiotherapy in patients with intermediate to locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. | 2002 May |
|
Activation of a p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in quiescent lymphocytes after the inhibition of DNA repair by fludarabine. | 2003 Aug 1 |
|
Antitumor activity of 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine against tumors that express Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2003 Jan |
|
Down-regulation of deoxycytidine kinase in human leukemic cell lines resistant to cladribine and clofarabine and increased ribonucleotide reductase activity contributes to fludarabine resistance. | 2003 Jan 15 |
|
The effects of cladribine and fludarabine on DNA methylation in K562 cells. | 2003 Jan 15 |
|
Cytotoxic drugs enhance the ex vivo sensitivity of malignant cells from a subset of acute myeloid leukaemia patients to apoptosis induction by tumour necrosis factor receptor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. | 2003 Jun |
|
Drug-loaded red blood cell-mediated clearance of HIV-1 macrophage reservoir by selective inhibition of STAT1 expression. | 2003 Nov |
|
Role of the TRAIL/APO2-L death receptors in chlorambucil- and fludarabine-induced apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2003 Nov 13 |
|
The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 interacts synergistically with fludarabine to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells. | 2004 Apr 1 |
|
Fatal peripheral neuropathy following FLA chemotherapy. | 2004 Aug |
|
Adenine deoxynucleotides fludarabine and cladribine induce apoptosis in a CD95/Fas receptor, FADD and caspase-8-independent manner by activation of the mitochondrial cell death pathway. | 2004 Dec 16 |
|
9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in human ovarian cancer cells. | 2004 Jul |
|
A phase I and pharmacodynamic study of fludarabine, carboplatin, and topotecan in patients with relapsed, refractory, or high-risk acute leukemia. | 2004 Oct 15 |
|
Functional characterization of novel human and mouse equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT3 and mENT3) located in intracellular membranes. | 2005 Apr 22 |
|
Recurrent chemotherapy-induced tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) with renal failure in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia - successful treatment and prevention of TLS with low-dose rasburicase. | 2005 Dec |
|
Resistance to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine due to reduced incorporation into DNA from competition by excess deoxyadenosine triphosphate: implications for different sensitivities to nucleoside analogues. | 2005 Jun |
|
A highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for quantification of fludarabine triphosphate in leukemic cells. | 2005 Jun 25 |
|
Inhibition of the PI3K pathway sensitizes fludarabine-induced apoptosis in human leukemic cells through an inactivation of MAPK-dependent pathway. | 2005 Jun 3 |
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, synchronous small cell carcinoma and squamous neoplasia of the urinary bladder in a paraplegic man following long-term phenoxybenzamine therapy. | 2006 Mar |
|
MDM2 antagonists activate p53 and synergize with genotoxic drugs in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. | 2006 May 15 |
|
Fatal leukoencephalopathy after reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2007 Feb |
|
Cutaneous recall phenomenon at the site of previous doxorubicin extravasation after second-line chemotherapy. | 2007 Jan 17 |
|
Randomized phase III trial of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide with or without oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 antisense) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2007 Mar 20 |
|
Drug resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: predictable by in vitro evaluation with a multiparameter flow cytometric cytotoxicity assay. | 2007 May |
|
Prodrug converting enzyme gene delivery by L. monocytogenes. | 2008 Apr 10 |
|
Resveratrol exerts antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | 2008 Mar 15 |
|
Oral fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as front-line chemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The impact of biological parameters in the response duration. | 2008 Nov |
|
Role of histone deacetylase inhibitor-induced reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in LAQ-824/fludarabine antileukemic interactions. | 2008 Oct |
|
Treosulfan/fludarabine as an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant conditioning regimen for high-risk patients. | 2008 Sep |
|
Valproate synergizes with purine nucleoside analogues to induce apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. | 2009 Jan |
|
The synergistic cytotoxicity of clofarabine, fludarabine and busulfan in AML cells involves ATM pathway activation and chromatin remodeling. | 2011 Jan 15 |
|
Inhibitory effect of leptin on rosiglitazone-induced differentiation of primary adipocytes prepared from TallyHO/Jng mice. | 2011 Mar 25 |
|
Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. | 2015 May 18 |
Sample Use Guides
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): The recommended adult dose is 25 mg/m2 administered intravenously over a period of approximately 30 minutes daily for five consecutive days. Each 5-day course of treatment should commence every 28 days.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21223714
The growth of RPMI8226 and KM3 cells was suppressed by fludarabine treatment in a dose and time-dependent manner. After treatment with fludarabine for 24 h, the IC(50) for RPMI8226 cells was 2.13 µg/ml, and 0.36 µg/ml for KM3 cells. Apoptotic cells of RPMI8226 and KM3 increased in a dose- dependent manner after exposure to fludarabine for 24 h. Western blot analysis showed the activation of caspase-3 and PARP in the MM cells treated with fludarabine.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 16:20:07 GMT 2023
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 15 16:20:07 GMT 2023
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Record UNII |
P2K93U8740
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C2150
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NDF-RT |
N0000000233
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WHO-VATC |
QL01BB05
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NDF-RT |
N0000175595
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548845
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1556
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WHO-ATC |
L01BB05
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C1094
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P2K93U8740
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6964
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m5427
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DB01073
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100000081235
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244-525-5
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118218
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SUB07678MIG
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24698
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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FLUDARABINE
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CHEMBL1096882
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DTXSID4039657
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657237
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5214
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C024352
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21679-14-1
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P2K93U8740
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4802
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT | |||
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PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
For the calculation of contents, multiply the peak areas by 0.6
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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