Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C8H7ClN2O2S |
| Molecular Weight | 230.671 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2S(=O)(=O)N1
InChI
InChIKey=GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11)
| Molecular Formula | C8H7ClN2O2S |
| Molecular Weight | 230.671 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2096972 |
10.94 µM [EC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | PROGLYCEM Approved UseProglycem (ORAL DIAZOXIDE) is useful in the management of hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism associated with the following conditions: Inoperable islet cell adenoma or carcinoma, or extrapancreatic malignancy in adults. Infants and Children: Leucine sensitivity, islet cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, extrapancreatic malignancy, islet cell adenoma, or adenomatosis. Launch Date1976 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
45 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28715810/ |
2.5 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DIAZOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
345 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28715810/ |
2.5 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DIAZOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
14.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28715810/ |
2.5 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
DIAZOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
30 h |
2.5 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
DIAZOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10% |
2.5 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 2.5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
DIAZOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult + children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult + children Sources: |
Disc. AE: Hyperosmolar (non-ketotic) coma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hyperosmolar (non-ketotic) coma Sources: |
8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
Disc. AE: Diabetic hyperosmolar coma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Diabetic hyperosmolar coma Sources: |
8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children Sources: |
Disc. AE: Musculoskeletal and connective tissue deformities of skull, face and buccal cavity... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Musculoskeletal and connective tissue deformities of skull, face and buccal cavity (4 patients) Sources: |
8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children Sources: |
Disc. AE: Cataracts... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cataracts Sources: |
15 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, infant + neonates Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: infant + neonates Sources: |
Disc. AE: Pulmonary hypertension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pulmonary hypertension Sources: |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperosmolar (non-ketotic) coma | Disc. AE | 8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult + children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult + children Sources: |
| Diabetic hyperosmolar coma | Disc. AE | 8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue deformities of skull, face and buccal cavity | 4 patients Disc. AE |
8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children Sources: |
| Cataracts | Disc. AE | 8 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, children Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: children Sources: |
| Pulmonary hypertension | Disc. AE | 15 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 15 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, infant + neonates Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: infant + neonates Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15845921/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14976464/ |
yes |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels attenuate matrix Ca(2+) overload during simulated ischemia and reperfusion: possible mechanism of cardioprotection. | 2001-11-09 |
|
| Opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels attenuates the ouabain-induced calcium overload in mitochondria. | 2001-11-09 |
|
| Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive channel opener does not induce vascular preconditioning, but potentiates the effect of a preconditioning ischemia on coronary reactive hyperemia in the anesthetized goat. | 2001-11 |
|
| The potential antidiabetic activity of some alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists. | 2001-11 |
|
| Mitochondrial K(ATP) channel as an end effector of cardioprotection during late preconditioning: triggering role of nitric oxide. | 2001-11 |
|
| Management of hyperinsulinemia with diazoxide in an elderly hemodialysis patient. | 2001-11 |
|
| Ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning in Girardi cells and C2C12 myotubes induce mitochondrial uncoupling. | 2001-10-26 |
|
| Glucose effects on gastric motility and tone evoked from the rat dorsal vagal complex. | 2001-10-01 |
|
| The KATP channel opener diazoxide protects cardiac myocytes during metabolic inhibition without causing mitochondrial depolarization or flavoprotein oxidation. | 2001-10 |
|
| Effect of aging on the ability of preconditioning to protect rat hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2001-10 |
|
| Contribution to glucose tolerance of insulin-independent vs. insulin-dependent mechanisms in mice. | 2001-10 |
|
| Identification and pharmacological correction of a membrane trafficking defect associated with a mutation in the sulfonylurea receptor causing familial hyperinsulinism. | 2001-09-21 |
|
| Identification and properties of a novel intracellular (mitochondrial) ATP-sensitive potassium channel in brain. | 2001-09-07 |
|
| Incorporation of sulfonylurea into N-isopropylacrylamide as an extracellular matrix for an artificial pancreas. | 2001-09 |
|
| Critical timing of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opening for enhancement of myocardial tolerance against infarction. | 2001-09 |
|
| [Activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by ADP and K+ channel openers: homology model of sulfonylurea receptor carboxyl-termini]. | 2001-09 |
|
| Lidocaine and mexiletine inhibit mitochondrial oxidation in rat ventricular myocytes. | 2001-09 |
|
| Synthesis and characterization of a quinolinonic compound activating ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in endocrine and smooth muscle tissues. | 2001-09 |
|
| Mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opening protects a human atrial-derived cell line by a mechanism involving free radical generation. | 2001-09 |
|
| Diazoxide induced cardioprotection: what comes first, K(ATP) channels or reactive oxygen species? | 2001-09 |
|
| Contribution of both the sarcolemmal K(ATP) and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels to infarct size limitation by K(ATP) channel openers: differences from preconditioning in the role of sarcolemmal K(ATP) channels. | 2001-09 |
|
| Hyperinsulinism and hyperammonemia syndrome: report of twelve unrelated patients. | 2001-09 |
|
| Hepatothermic therapy of obesity: rationale and an inventory of resources. | 2001-09 |
|
| Mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation reduces anoxic injury by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. | 2001-09 |
|
| Amino acids and insulin are both required to regulate assembly of the eIF4E. eIF4G complex in rat skeletal muscle. | 2001-09 |
|
| Effects of bezafibrate on beta-cell function of rat pancreatic islets. | 2001-08-31 |
|
| Modulation of islet ATP content by inhibition or stimulation of the Na(+)/K(+) pump. | 2001-08-24 |
|
| Inhibition of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel by 2-methoxyestradiol in cultured vascular endothelial (HUV-EC-C) cells. | 2001-08-01 |
|
| Sulfonylurea receptors inhibit the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by reducing surface expression. | 2001-08 |
|
| Acute insulin responses to leucine in children with the hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome. | 2001-08 |
|
| Hyperinsulinism in short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency reveals the importance of beta-oxidation in insulin secretion. | 2001-08 |
|
| ATP-sensitive K+ channels and cellular actions of morphine in periaqueductal gray slices of neonatal and adult rats. | 2001-08 |
|
| Laparoscopic pancreatectomy for persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. | 2001-08 |
|
| Downregulation of protein kinase C inhibits activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels by diazoxide. | 2001-07-03 |
|
| Effect on insulin release of compounds structurally related to the potassium-channel opener 7-chloro-3-isopropylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (BPDZ 73): introduction of heteroatoms on the 3-alkylamino side chain of the benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide ring. | 2001-07 |
|
| Intrinsic optical signals in respiratory brain stem regions of mice: neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and metabolic stress. | 2001-07 |
|
| Oral agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pharmacology, toxicity, and treatment. | 2001-07 |
|
| Glimepiride, a novel sulfonylurea, does not abolish myocardial protection afforded by either ischemic preconditioning or diazoxide. | 2001-06-26 |
|
| Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels inhibit apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in cardiac cells. | 2001-06-22 |
|
| Role of intracellular Na(+) kinetics in preconditioned rat heart. | 2001-06-08 |
|
| Store-operated influx of Ca(2+) in pancreatic beta-cells exhibits graded dependence on the filling of the endoplasmic reticulum. | 2001-06 |
|
| Transient hyperinsulinism in an asphyxiated newborn infant with hypoglycemia. | 2001-06 |
|
| Restoration of Ca2+-inhibited oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac mitochondria by mitochondrial Ca2+ unloading. | 2001-04 |
|
| Interaction of sulfonylurea-conjugated polymer with insulinoma cell line of MIN6 and its effect on insulin secretion. | 2001-04 |
|
| Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels play a role in cardioprotection by Na+-H+ exchange inhibition against ischemia/reperfusion injury. | 2001-03-01 |
|
| Failure to precondition pathological human myocardium. | 2001-03-01 |
|
| Disopyramide and its metabolite enhance insulin release from clonal pancreatic beta-cells by blocking K(ATP) channels. | 2001-01 |
|
| Modulation of beta-cell ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx (Na+/K+ pump) by D-glucose, glibenclamide or diazoxide. | 2001 |
|
| Intracellular potassium and chloride channels: an update. | 2001 |
|
| Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel plays a dominant role in ischemic preconditioning of rabbit heart. | 2001 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Adults and children: The usual daily dosage is 3 to 8 mg/kg, divided into two or three equal doses every 8 or 12 hours. Infants and newborns: The usual daily dosage is 8 to 15 mg/kg divided into two or three equal doses every 8 to 12 hours. An appropriate starting dosage is 10 mg/kg/day, divided into three equal doses every 8 hours.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/759248
Diazoxide inhibited glucagon secretion in rat pancreas at concentration of 325 uM.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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| Record UNII |
O5CB12L4FN
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Validated (UNII)
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WHO-ATC |
V03AH01
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WHO-ATC |
C02DA01
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29707
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WHO-VATC |
QV03AH01
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QC02DA01
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
383712
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m4277
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DTXSID7022914
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DIAZOXIDE
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PRIMARY | Description: A white, or almost white, crystalline powder; odourless. Solubility: Practically insoluble in water and ether R; freely soluble in dimethylformamide R; slightly soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Category: Antihypertensive. Storage: Diazoxide should be kept in a well-closed container. Definition: Diazoxide contains not less than 98.0% and not more than 101.0% of C8H7ClN2O2S, calculated with reference to thedried substance. | ||
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1294
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206-668-1
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D003981
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DB01119
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3327
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1186000
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854
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CHEMBL181
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DIAZOXIDE
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64198
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SUB07071MIG
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C428
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76130
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BINDER->LIGAND |
BINDING
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
| Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
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| Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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