Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C16H14ClN3O.ClH |
Molecular Weight | 336.216 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CNC1=NC2=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C(C3=CC=CC=C3)=[N+]([O-])C1
InChI
InChIKey=DMLFJMQTNDSRFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H14ClN3O.ClH/c1-18-15-10-20(21)16(11-5-3-2-4-6-11)13-9-12(17)7-8-14(13)19-15;/h2-9H,10H2,1H3,(H,18,19);1H
Molecular Formula | C16H14ClN3O |
Molecular Weight | 299.755 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | ClH |
Molecular Weight | 36.461 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00136617 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/chlordiazepoxide.html | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03012815 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135616 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304314
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00136617 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/chlordiazepoxide.html | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03012815 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135616 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304314
Chlordiazepoxide (trade name Librium) is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class. Chlordiazepoxide is indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The effectiveness of Librium in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. Chlordiazepoxide acts on benzodiazepine allosteric sites that are part of the GABAA receptor/ion-channel complex and this results in an increased binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the GABAA receptor thereby producing inhibitory effects on the central nervous system and body similar to the effects of other benzodiazepines. Chlordiazepoxide act via micromolar benzodiazepine binding sites as Ca2+ channel blockers and significantly inhibit depolarization-sensitive Calcium uptake in animal nerve terminal preparations. The withdrawal of chlordiazepoxide during pregnancy and breastfeeding is recommended, as chlordiazepoxide rapidly crosses the placenta and also is excreted in breast milk. Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. The half-life of Chlordiazepoxide is 5 – 30 hours but has an active benzodiazepine metabolite (desmethyldiazepam), which has a half-life of 36 – 200 hours. The necessity of discontinuing therapy because of undesirable effects has been rare. Drowsiness, ataxia and confusion have been reported in some patients — particularly the elderly and debilitated. While these effects can be avoided in almost all instances by proper dosage adjustment, they have occasionally been observed at the lower dosage ranges. In a few instances syncope has been reported.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094121 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537339 |
605.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094130 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537339 |
392.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094120 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537339 |
471.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2094122 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537339 |
368.0 nM [Ki] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2093872 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6135616 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | LIBRELEASE Approved UseChlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The effectiveness of chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP in long term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. Launch Date4.32172794E11 |
|||
Primary | LIBRELEASE Approved UseChlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The effectiveness of chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP in long term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. Launch Date4.32172794E11 |
|||
Primary | LIBRELEASE Approved UseChlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or for the short term relief of symptoms of anxiety, withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, and preoperative apprehension and anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The effectiveness of chlordiazepoxide HCl capsules USP in long term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient. Launch Date4.32172794E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.86 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/359214 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.65 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/359214 |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE blood | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
0.84 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
0.69 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
7.16 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/770046 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
26.7 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
53.6 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.4 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/770046 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
16.5 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
40.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7286030 |
25 mg single, intramuscular dose: 25 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
95.5% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/359214 |
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
200 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
unhealthy, 24-74 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 24-74 years Sex: M+F Sources: |
|
20 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Co-administed with:: opioids Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Severe Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: |
Disc. AE: Sedation, Coma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Sedation Sources: Coma Respiratory depression |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Coma | Disc. AE | 20 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Co-administed with:: opioids Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Severe Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: |
Respiratory depression | Disc. AE | 20 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Co-administed with:: opioids Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Severe Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: |
Sedation | Disc. AE | 20 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 20 mg, 3 times / day Co-administed with:: opioids Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Severe Anxiety Disorders Age Group: adult Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 251.0 |
likely | |||
no | ||||
no | ||||
Page: 344.0 |
yes [IC50 300 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 1.0 |
likely | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27317413/ Page: 1476.0 |
major | |||
Sources: https://europepmc.org/article/med/18646550 Page: 311.0 |
yes | |||
yes |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Clinical toxicity of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam in relation to serum albumin concentration: a report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. | 1974 Jul 26 |
|
Differential diagnosis of cimetidine-induced delirium. | 1981 Mar |
|
Effect of benzodiazepines on the central action of narcotic analgesics. | 1982 |
|
Antagonism of drug-induced yawning and penile erections in rats. | 1986 Mar 18 |
|
Anticonvulsive and convulsive effects of lidocaine: comparison with those of phenytoin, and implications for mechanism of action concepts. | 1988 Sep |
|
Caffeine-induced anxiogenesis: the role of adenosine, benzodiazepine and noradrenergic receptors. | 1989 Jan |
|
Chlordiazepoxide metabolite accumulation in liver disease. | 1989 Jan-Feb |
|
Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding the mouse pituitary thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. | 1990 Dec |
|
Prenatal oxazepam enhances mouse maternal aggression in the offspring, without modifying acute chlordiazepoxide effects. | 1991 Jan-Feb |
|
Magnesium valproate attenuates hyperactivity induced by dexamphetamine-chlordiazepoxide mixture in rodents. | 1993 Jun 24 |
|
The attenuation of suppression of motility by triazolam in the conditioned fear stress task is exacerbated by ethanol in mice. | 1995 |
|
GABA(A) receptor epsilon-subunit may confer benzodiazepine insensitivity to the caudal aspect of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. | 2001 Nov 1 |
|
The new antiepileptic drug levetiracetam normalises chlordiazepoxide withdrawal-induced anxiety in mice. | 2002 Mar 29 |
|
[Monoaminergic and aminoacidergic mechanisms of the posterior hypothalamus in realization of the antiaversive effects of anxiosedative and anxioselective agents in various anxiety models]. | 2002 Sep-Oct |
|
[Determination of diazepine derivatives: alprazolam, medazepam, chlordiazepoxid mixture by high performance liquid chromatography]. | 2003 |
|
Anxiolytic effects of the novel anti-epileptic drug levetiracetam in the elevated plus-maze test in the rat. | 2003 Nov 14 |
|
Chlordiazepoxide interactions with scopolamine and dizocilpine: novel cooperative and antagonistic effects on spatial learning. | 2005 Oct |
|
Protein synthesis and the mechanisms of lasting change in anxiety induced by severe stress. | 2006 Feb 28 |
|
Involvement of noradrenergic and corticoid receptors in the consolidation of the lasting anxiogenic effects of predator stress. | 2007 May 16 |
|
Pharmacological modulation of stress reactivity dissociates general learning ability from the propensity for exploration. | 2007 Oct |
|
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. | 2010 Dec |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Relief of Mild and Moderate Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety: 5 mg or 10 mg, 3 or 4 times daily
Relief of Severe Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety: 20 mg or 25 mg, 3 or 4 times daily
Geriatric Patients, or in the presence of debilitating disease: 5 mg, 2 to 4 times daily
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304314
Eight concentrations of Chlordiazepoxide were added to tubes containing rat brain membranes and [3H]diazepam at a final concentration of 4 mkM. After incubation at 30 C for 10 min, followed by 4 C for 20 min, reactions were terminated by vacuum filtration through Whatman GF/C glass-fiber filters. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of 4 mkM unlabeled diazepam. The IC50 of a compound was that concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of [3H]diazepam binding to the membrane fraction.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
by
admin
on
Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
Record UNII |
MFM6K1XWDK
|
Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
Record Version |
|
-
Download
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Official Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Brand Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Brand Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Brand Name | English | ||
|
Brand Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C1012
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
||
|
EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
600092
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
115748
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
MFM6K1XWDK
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID40880060
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
3612
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
207-117-8
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DBSALT000632
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB01213MIG
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
MFM6K1XWDK
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
M3355
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
CHEMBL451
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C47973
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
438-41-5
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:18 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
203173
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
1110009
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:26:19 UTC 2022
|
PRIMARY |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (HPLC)
USP
|
||
|
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE | |||
|
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE |
ASSAY (TITRATION)
EP
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
|
||
|
IMPURITY -> PARENT |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
ACTIVE MOIETY |