U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS
Troglitazone (TGZ, brand name: Rezulin and Prelay) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand, which was developed by Daiichi Sankyo and approved for the US market for the treatment of Type II diabetes mellitus. The drug is used alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin as an adjunct to diet and exercise, and was not indicated as initial therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. This drug was withdrawn from the UK market due to liver toxicity. It was removed from the US market in 2000, only 3 years after its introduction and from Japan, shortly afterward. In addition, was conducted a clinical trial for the treatment of patients with advanced liposarcoma by using troglitazone, but the positive result wasn’t obtained. It was shown, that in case of cancer cells troglitazone acted independently of PPAR gamma, by up-regulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1). Egr-1 transcription factor has been linked to apoptosis and shown to be activated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
780.0 nM [EC50]
Target ID: P18146
Gene ID: 1958.0
Gene Symbol: EGR1
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
Palliative
PRELAY

Approved Use

Prelay is indicated to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise in combination with (not substituted for): · A sulfonylurea drug for patients who are not adequately controlled with a sulfonylurea alone or, · A sulfonylurea drug together with metformin for patients who are not adequately controlled with the combination of a sulfonylurea and metformin or, · Insulin in patients who are not adequately controlled with insulin alone. Prelay is not indicated as initial therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes

Launch Date

1997
Primary
Unknown

Approved Use

Unknown
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Effect of troglitazone on plasma lipid metabolism and lipoprotein lipase.
1999 Apr
Chemoprevention of heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis by phenolic compounds in rats.
1999 Sep 1
Troglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, inhibits osteopontin gene expression in human monocytes/macrophage THP-1 cells.
2000
Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by troglitazone and rosiglitazone.
2000 Apr
UCP3 gene expression does not correlate with muscle oxidation rates in troglitazone-treated Zucker fatty rats.
2000 Dec 15
Leptin, troglitazone, and the expression of sterol regulatory element binding proteins in liver and pancreatic islets.
2000 Jul 18
Troglitazone improves psoriasis and normalizes models of proliferative skin disease: ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibit keratinocyte proliferation.
2000 May
Insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, directly inhibits aromatase activity in human ovarian granulosa cells.
2000 May 19
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by troglitazone inhibits cell growth through the increase of p27KiP1 in human. Pancreatic carcinoma cells.
2000 Oct 1
Down-regulation of uncoupling protein-3 and -2 by thiazolidinediones in C2C12 myotubes.
2000 Oct 27
Two opposing effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. Mediation through different signaling pathways.
2000 Sep 8
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands suppress the transcriptional activation of cyclooxygenase-2. Evidence for involvement of activator protein-1 and CREB-binding protein/p300.
2001 Apr 13
Arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in negative regulation of adipose differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells: AhR inhibits adipose differentiation independently of dioxin.
2001 Aug
The ligands/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma increase Cu2+,Zn2+-superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells.
2001 Jan
Enzymatic characterization and interspecies difference of phenol sulfotransferases, ST1A forms.
2001 Mar
Troglitazone induces GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes.
2001 May
Troglitazone improves endothelial function and augments renal klotho mRNA expression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with multiple atherogenic risk factors.
2001 Nov
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation suppresses ischemic induction of Egr-1 and its inflammatory gene targets.
2002 Dec
Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARalpha/RXRalpha and decrease the transactivation of NFkappaB.
2002 Jan 11
PPAR gamma ligands, troglitazone and pioglitazone, up-regulate expression of HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase gene in THP-1 macrophages.
2002 Jun 5
Effects of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (p,p'-DDT) on 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A adipocyte differentiation.
2002 Mar 1
Effects of leptin, troglitazone, and dietary fat on stearoyl CoA desaturase.
2002 Oct 11
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Prelay (TROGLITAZONE tablet) should be taken with a meal. Combination Therapy: Sulfonylureas: Prelay in combination with a sulfonylurea should be initiated at 200 mg once daily. The current sulfonylurea dose should be continued upon initiation of Prelay therapy. For patients not responding adequately, the Rezulin dose should be increased at 2 to 4 weeks. The maximum recommended dose is 600 mg once daily. The dose of sulfonylurea may require lowering to optimize therapy. Metformin: For patients not responding adequately to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy, 400 mg daily of Prelay may be added. Insulin: The current insulin dose should be continued upon initiation of Prelay therapy. Prelay therapy should be initiated at 200 mg once daily in patients on insulin therapy. For patients not responding adequately, the dose of Prelay should be increased after approximately 2 to 4 weeks. The usual dose of Prelay is 400 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dose is 600 mg. It is recommended that the insulin dose be decreased by 10% to 25% when fasting plasma glucose concentrations decrease to less than 120 mg/dL in patients receiving concomitant insulin and Prelay. Further adjustments should be individualized based on glucose-lowering response. Patients With Renal Insufficiency: Dose adjustment in patients with renal insufficiency is not required
Route of Administration: Oral
Human HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B were cultured in the presence or absence of troglitazone. Cell growth was determined via WST-1 assay, proliferation by cell cycle analysis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Western blotting, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL. In cultures of Hep3B and Huh7 cells, basal expression of PPARgamma was relatively low, but troglitazone caused dose-dependent induction of PPARgamma expression.
Substance Class Mixture
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
Record UNII
I66ZZ0ZN0E
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
TROGLITAZONE
INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
TROGLITAZONE [USAN]
Common Name English
TROGLITAZONE [JAN]
Common Name English
TROGLITAZONE [MI]
Common Name English
CS-045
Code English
TROGLITAZONE [MART.]
Common Name English
Troglitazone [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
REZULIN
Brand Name English
TROGLITAZONE [VANDF]
Common Name English
PRELAY
Brand Name English
CI-991
Code English
2,4-THIAZOLIDINEDIONE, 5-((4-((3,4-DIHYDRO-6-HYDROXY-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-YL)METHOXY)PHENYL)METHYL)-
Common Name English
troglitazone [INN]
Common Name English
GR92132X
Code English
GR-92132X
Code English
TROGLITAZONE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
(±)-ALL-RAC-5-(P-((6-HYDROXY-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-2-CHROMANYL)METHOXY)BENZYL)-2,4-THIAZOLIDINEDIONE
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C1934
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC A10BG01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548142
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QA10BG01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C98241
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
EVMPD
SUB11332MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
I66ZZ0ZN0E
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m11218
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
DRUG BANK
DB00197
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C1522
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL408
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID8023719
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
C057693
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
TROGLITAZONE
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5591
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
9753
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
72610
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
DRUG CENTRAL
2767
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
6851
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
GG-89
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
97322-87-7
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
2693
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:46 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
All of the following components must be present:
Related Record Type Details
METABOLIC ENZYME -> INDUCER
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
TARGET -> AGONIST
TRANSPORTER -> INHIBITOR
METABOLIC ENZYME -> INDUCER
BINDER->LIGAND
BINDING
Related Record Type Details
METABOLITE -> PARENT
MAJOR
FECAL; PLASMA; URINE
Name Property Type Amount Referenced Substance Defining Parameters References
Biological Half-life PHARMACOKINETIC
Definition References