U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C17H17NO2.ClH
Molecular Weight 303.783
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS

SMILES

Cl.[H][C@@]12CC3=C(C(O)=C(O)C=C3)C4=C1C(CCN2C)=CC=C4

InChI

InChIKey=SKYZYDSNJIOXRL-BTQNPOSSSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H17NO2.ClH/c1-18-8-7-10-3-2-4-12-15(10)13(18)9-11-5-6-14(19)17(20)16(11)12;/h2-6,13,19-20H,7-9H2,1H3;1H/t13-;/m1./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula C17H17NO2
Molecular Weight 267.3224
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 1 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Molecular Formula ClH
Molecular Weight 36.461
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity NONE

Description

Apomorphine (brand names: Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima) is indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, “off” episodes (“end-of-dose wearing off” and unpredictable “on/off” episodes) in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Apomorphine has been studied as an adjunct to other medications. It is a non-ergoline dopamine agonist with high in vitro binding affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor, and moderate affinity for the dopamine D2, D3, and D5, and adrenergic α1D, α2B, α2C receptors. The precise mechanism of action as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease is unknown, although it is believed to be due to stimulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2-type receptors within the caudate-putamen in the brain.

CNS Activity

CNS Active
3897
Curator's Comment: Apomorphine quickly passes the nasal and intestinal mucosa as well as the blood-brain barrier (depending on the administration route)

Approval Year

1880
8
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Agonist
2637
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Palliative
Approved
8307
APOKYN

Approved Use

APOKYN (apomorphine hydrochloride injection) is indicated for the acute, intermittent treatment of hypomobility, off episodes (end-of-dose wearing off and unpredictable on/off episodes) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. APOKYN has been studied as an adjunct to other medications [see Clinical Studies (14)

Launch Date

1.08241918E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
47.5 pmol/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/
30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous
dose: 30 μg/kg bw
route of administration: Subcutaneous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APOMORPHINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
41.7 pmol × h/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/
30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous
dose: 30 μg/kg bw
route of administration: Subcutaneous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APOMORPHINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
33.6 min
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2774511/
30 μg/kg bw single, subcutaneous
dose: 30 μg/kg bw
route of administration: Subcutaneous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
APOMORPHINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
4 mg single, respiratory
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 4 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 5
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
1.5 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 1.5 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 1.5 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 32
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 32
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Other AEs: Somnolence, Dysgeusia...
Other AEs:
Somnolence (1 patient)
Dysgeusia (1 patient)
Dizziness (1 patient)
Orthostatic hypotension (1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
2.3 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 2.3 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 2.3 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 18
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 18
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
3 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 3 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 12
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 12
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Other AEs: Somnolence, Yawning...
Other AEs:
Somnolence (1 patient)
Yawning (1 patient)
Flushing (1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Disc. AE: Cognitive impairment, Skin reaction...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Cognitive impairment (16 patients)
Skin reaction (14 patients)
Posture abnormal (12 patients)
Psychosis (11 patient)
Anxiety/depression (11 patient)
Hypotension (3 patients)
Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS) (1 patient)
Cardiovascular disorder (1 patient)
Weight loss (1 patient)
Excessive daytime sleepiness (1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, subcutaneous (mean)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
unhealthy, 65.21 years
n = 546
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 65.21 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 546
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
Disc. AE: Nausea and vomiting...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea and vomiting (187 patients)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
trimethobenzamide
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
unhealthy, adult
n = 522
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 522
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
Disc. AE: Nausea, Vomiting...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (3%)
Vomiting (2%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 5
unhealthy, adult
n = 522
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 522
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 5
Disc. AE: Hallucination...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hallucination (1%)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 5
35 mg 1 times / day steady, sublingual (max)
Recommended
Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day
Route: sublingual
Route: steady
Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/
unhealthy, mean 62.9 years
n = 54
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: mean 62.9 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 54
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/
Disc. AE: Respiratory tract signs and symptoms...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Respiratory tract signs and symptoms (9 patients)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Dizziness 1 patient
1.5 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 1.5 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 1.5 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 32
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 32
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Dysgeusia 1 patient
1.5 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 1.5 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 1.5 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 32
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 32
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Orthostatic hypotension 1 patient
1.5 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 1.5 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 1.5 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 32
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 32
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Somnolence 1 patient
1.5 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 1.5 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 1.5 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 32
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 32
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Flushing 1 patient
3 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 3 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 12
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 12
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Somnolence 1 patient
3 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 3 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 12
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 12
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Yawning 1 patient
3 mg single, respiratory
Recommended
Dose: 3 mg
Route: respiratory
Route: single
Dose: 3 mg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
unhealthy, 30 - 90 years
n = 12
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 30 - 90 years
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 12
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23527823/
Page: Table 2
Cardiovascular disorder 1 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Excessive daytime sleepiness 1 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS) 1 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Weight loss 1 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Anxiety/depression 11 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Psychosis 11 patient
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Posture abnormal 12 patients
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Skin reaction 14 patients
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Cognitive impairment 16 patients
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Hypotension 3 patients
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
unhealthy, 44 - 87 years
n = 114
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 44 - 87 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 114
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111272/
Page: Fig. 1
Nausea and vomiting 187 patients
Disc. AE
4 mg 1 times / day multiple, subcutaneous (mean)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: multiple
Dose: 4 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
unhealthy, 65.21 years
n = 546
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: 65.21 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 546
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18978491/
Vomiting 2%
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
trimethobenzamide
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
unhealthy, adult
n = 522
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 522
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
Nausea 3%
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
trimethobenzamide
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
unhealthy, adult
n = 522
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 522
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 4
Hallucination 1%
Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day steady, subcutaneous (max)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: subcutaneous
Route: steady
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 5
unhealthy, adult
n = 522
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 522
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/021264s010lbl.pdf
Page: 5
Respiratory tract signs and symptoms 9 patients
Disc. AE
35 mg 1 times / day steady, sublingual (max)
Recommended
Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day
Route: sublingual
Route: steady
Dose: 35 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/
unhealthy, mean 62.9 years
n = 54
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Age Group: mean 62.9 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 54
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31818699/
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
inducer
753
inhibitor
1695
inhibitor
1789

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
CYP1A2
1463

CYP2B6
770

CYP2C8
869

CYP2C19
1410

CYP3A4/5
261

BCRP
678

BSEP
392

P-gp
1401

MRP2
363

MRP3
156

MRP4
202

MATE1
302

MATE2
259

OATP1B1
770

OATP1B3
691

OAT1
584

OAT3
625

OCT1
498

OCT2
630
UGT
183

sulfotransferases
35

CYP2B6
648

CYP2C8
670

CYP3A4/5
82
CYP1A2
671

CYP2B6
521

OCT1
19

P-gp
252

MRP2
108

MRP3
53

OATP1B1
26

BCRP
74
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
BCRP
751
 no
BSEP
393
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP1A2
1620
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP1A2
1620
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2B6
946
 no
CYP2B6
946
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2B6
946
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2C19
1484
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2C8
923
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2C9
1747
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP2D6
1826
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP3A4
1857
 no
CYP3A4
1857
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP3A4/5
314
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
MATE2
259
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
MRP2
452
 no
MRP2
452
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
MRP3
206
 no
MRP4
235
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OATP1B1
785
 no
OATP1B1
785
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OATP1B3
700
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OCT1
513
 no
OCT1
513
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OCT2
631
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
P-gp
1588
 no
P-gp
1588
 no
apomorphine glucuronide
3
BCRP
751
 weak [Inhibition 50 uM]
apomorphine glucuronide
3
MATE1
304
 weak [Inhibition 50 uM]
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OAT1
588
 weak [Inhibition 50 uM]
apomorphine glucuronide
3
OAT3
627
 weak [Inhibition 50 uM]
apomorphine glucuronide
3
MRP3
206
 yes [IC50 50 uM]
apomorphine glucuronide
3
CYP1A2
1620
 yes
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP2B6
648
 yes
CYP2C8
670
 yes
CYP3A4/5
82
 yes
UGT
183
 yes
sulfotransferases
35
 yes
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:48538
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:48538
ZINC
ZINC000000009073
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000009073
eMolecules
901400
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=901400
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Inhibition by ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 of cocaine-induced hyperactivity, conditioned place preference, and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice.
1999 Jul
Worsening of levodopa-induced dyskinesias by motor and mental tasks.
1999 Mar
5-HT1A receptor agonists buspirone and gepirone attenuate apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in adult male Wistar rats.
2000 Dec
Test conditions influence the response to a drug challenge in rodents.
2000 Mar
Apomorphine: an update of clinical trial results.
2000 Oct
Dopamine agonists.
2001
Intrapallidal dopamine restores motor deficits induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in the rat.
2001
No functional effects of embryonic neuronal grafts on motor deficits in a 3-nitropropionic acid rat model of advanced striatonigral degeneration (multiple system atrophy).
2001
Effects of systemic injections of dopaminergic agents on the habituation of rats submitted to an open field test.
2001
Dose-dependent protective effects of apomorphine against methamphetamine-induced nigrostriatal damage.
2001 Apr 13
Neostriatal muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in the generation of tremulous jaw movements in rodents implications for cholinergic involvement in parkinsonism.
2001 Apr 27
Generation and pharmacological analysis of M2 and M4 muscarinic receptor knockout mice.
2001 Apr 27
Orphanin FQ/nociceptin attenuates motor stimulation and changes in nucleus accumbens extracellular dopamine induced by cocaine in rats.
2001 Feb
[Motor impairment, in patients with severe Parkinson's disease, associated with dopaminergic hyperstimulation (entacapone)].
2001 Feb
Stimulatory role of dopamine on fibroblast growth factor-2 expression in rat striatum.
2001 Feb
Increased growth hormone response to apomorphine in Parkinson disease compared with multiple system atrophy.
2001 Feb
Intravenous apomorphine therapy in Parkinson's disease: clinical and pharmacokinetic observations.
2001 Feb
The role of neurochemical mechanisms of ventromedial hypothalamus in various models of anxiety in rats.
2001 Jan
Neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine produces evidence of behavioral sensitization in the rat.
2001 Jan
Dopamine attenuates prefrontal cortical suppression of sensory inputs to the basolateral amygdala of rats.
2001 Jun 1
Reproductive experience modulates dopamine-related behavioral responses.
2001 Mar
Increased sensitivity of dopamine systems following reproductive experience in rats.
2001 Mar
Psychopathological correlates of reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in depression, schizophrenia, and opiate and alcohol dependence.
2001 Mar
Consensus statement on the role of acute dopaminergic challenge in Parkinson's disease.
2001 Mar
Apomorphine-induced aggressive behaviour in para-chlorophenylalanine-treated male rats: implications to brain.
2001 Mar
Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonists produce cerebellar dysfunction in mice.
2001 May
Patents

Patents

05939094
3
JP2009526755A
434
JP2011526596A
7
JP4800219B2
65
JPH083043A
3

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
The recommended starting dose of is 0.2 mL (2 mg). Titrate on the basis of effectiveness and tolerance, up to a maximum recommended dose of 0.6 mL (6 mg)
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Apomorphine at concentrations of higher than 2 x 10(-5) M dramatically reduced the growth-stimulatory effect of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells on the scleral chondrocytes, whereas the inhibitory effect of apomorphine on the proliferation of scleral chondrocytes without RPE cells was very little
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
Record UNII
9K13MD7A0D
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS
Common Name English
APOKINON
Brand Name English
BRITAJECT
Brand Name English
NSC-11442
Code English
APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MI]
Common Name English
APOMINE
Brand Name English
6A.BETA.-APORPHINE-10,11-DIOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
ANHYDROUS APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
(6AR)-5,6,6A,7-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHYL-4H-DIBENZO(DE,G)QUINOLINE-10,11-DIOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
4H-DIBENZO(DE,G)QUINOLINE-10,11-DIOL, 5,6,6A,7-TETRAHYDRO-6-METHYL-, HYDROCHLORIDE, (R)-
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C66884
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
NCI_THESAURUS C443
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
NCI_THESAURUS C67413
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
NCI_THESAURUS C67439
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
9K13MD7A0D
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M2003
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY Merck Index
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
206-243-0
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID5040598
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB127079
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
9410
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
NSC
11442
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
CAS
314-19-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C80572
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB12276
Created by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 16 16:17:09 UTC 2022
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
Structure of APOMORPHINE
PARENT -> SALT/SOLVATE
Structure of APOMORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE
SOLVATE->ANHYDROUS
Related Record Type Details
Structure of APOMORPHINE
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