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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C9H13N3O3
Molecular Weight 211.2178
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ZALCITABINE

SMILES

NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]2CC[C@@H](CO)O2

InChI

InChIKey=WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N
InChI=1S/C9H13N3O3/c10-7-3-4-12(9(14)11-7)8-2-1-6(5-13)15-8/h3-4,6,8,13H,1-2,5H2,(H2,10,11,14)/t6-,8+/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C9H13N3O3
Molecular Weight 211.2178
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

The nucleoside analog 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd), also known as Zalcitabine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. HIVID is indicated in combination with antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. It is used as part of a combination regimen with antiretroviral agents. But it was discontinued by Roche Pharmaceuticals on December 31, 2006 due to the availability of newer HIV medicines. Within cells, zalcitabine is converted to the active metabolite, dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddCTP), by the sequential action of cellular enzymes. Dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate inhibits the activity of the HIV-reverse transcriptase both by competing for utilization of the natural substrate, deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP), and by its incorporation into viral DNA. The lack of a 3'- OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation and, therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. The active metabolite, ddCTP, is also an inhibitor of cellular DNA polymerasebeta and mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma and has been reported to be incorporated into the DNA of cells in culture.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Known to be CNS penetrant in rat. Human data not available

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
HIVID

Approved Use

HIVID is indicated in combination with antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. This indication is based on study results showing a reduction in the rate of disease progression (AIDS-defining events or death) in patients with limited prior antiretroviral therapy who were treated with the combination of HIVID and zidovudine. This indication is also based on a study showing a reduction in both mortality and AIDS-defining clinical events for patients who received INVIRASE® (saquinavir mesylate) in combination with HIVID compared to patients who received either HIVID or INVIRASE alone.

Launch Date

7.0891202E11
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.6 μg/L
0.5 mg single, oral
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
10.5 μg/L
0.5 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
79 μg/L
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
9.3 μg/L
0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: CHILD
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
15.5 ng/mL
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FED
25.2 ng/mL
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.018 mg × h/L
0.5 mg single, oral
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.022 mg × h/L
0.5 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.208 mg × h/L
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
0.025 mg × h/L
0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: CHILD
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
62 ng × h/mL
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FED
72 ng × h/mL
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.5 h
0.5 mg single, oral
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.3 h
0.5 mg single, intravenous
dose: 0.5 mg
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.8 h
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.4 h
0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral
dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: CHILD
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
2 h
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FED
2 h
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
96%
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FED
96%
1.5 mg single, oral
dose: 1.5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZALCITABINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
0.09 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.858
unhealthy, 26-57
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 26-57
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources: Page: p.858
Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy, Leukopenia...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Peripheral neuropathy (40%)
Leukopenia (20%)
Thrombocytopenia (40%)
Sources: Page: p.858
0.06 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.191
unhealthy, 42
n = 18
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 42
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 18
Sources: Page: p.191
Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3, 100%)
Sources: Page: p.191
0.03 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.191
unhealthy, 42
n = 18
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 42
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 18
Sources: Page: p.191
Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3, 100%)
Sources: Page: p.191
1.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy...
Other AEs:
Peripheral neuropathy (80%)
Sources: Page: p.18
4.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy...
Other AEs:
Peripheral neuropathy (100%)
Sources: Page: p.18
0.25 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Disc. AE: Rash, Fever...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Rash
Fever
Sources: Page: p.18
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1
Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy...
Other AEs:
Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3-5)
Sources: Page: p.1
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
Other AEs: Lactic acidosis, Hepatic steatosis...
Other AEs:
Lactic acidosis (grade 3-5)
Hepatic steatosis (grade 3-5)
Hepatic failure (grade 3-5)
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Other AEs: Pancreatitis, Oral ulceration...
Other AEs:
Pancreatitis (grade 3-5, 1.1%)
Oral ulceration (grade 3, 3%)
Esophageal ulcer (grade 3)
Cardiomyopathy (grade 3, infrequent)
Congestive heart failure (grade 3, infrequent)
Anaphylactoid reaction (grade 3)
Sources: Page: p.7
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Leukopenia 20%
Disc. AE
0.09 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.858
unhealthy, 26-57
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 26-57
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources: Page: p.858
Peripheral neuropathy 40%
Disc. AE
0.09 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.858
unhealthy, 26-57
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 26-57
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources: Page: p.858
Thrombocytopenia 40%
Disc. AE
0.09 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.858
unhealthy, 26-57
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 26-57
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources: Page: p.858
Peripheral neuropathy grade 3, 100%
Disc. AE
0.06 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.191
unhealthy, 42
n = 18
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 42
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 18
Sources: Page: p.191
Peripheral neuropathy grade 3, 100%
Disc. AE
0.03 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day
Sources: Page: p.191
unhealthy, 42
n = 18
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Age Group: 42
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 18
Sources: Page: p.191
Peripheral neuropathy 80%
1.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Peripheral neuropathy 100%
4.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Fever Disc. AE
0.25 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Rash Disc. AE
0.25 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.18
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.18
Peripheral neuropathy grade 3-5
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1
Hepatic failure grade 3-5
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
Hepatic steatosis grade 3-5
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
Lactic acidosis grade 3-5
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.1, p.7
Anaphylactoid reaction grade 3
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Esophageal ulcer grade 3
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Oral ulceration grade 3, 3%
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Cardiomyopathy grade 3, infrequent
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Congestive heart failure grade 3, infrequent
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Pancreatitis grade 3-5, 1.1%
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.7
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: HIV infection
Sources: Page: p.7
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer

Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
not determined
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
ddC- and 3TC-bis(SATE) monophosphate prodrugs overcome cellular resistance mechanisms to HIV-1 associated with cytidine kinase deficiency.
1999 Apr-May
Activities of masked 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside monophosphate derivatives against human immunodeficiency virus in resting macrophages.
2000 Jan
Potentiation of the anti-HIV activity of zalcitabine and lamivudine by a CTP synthase inhibitor, 3-deazauridine.
2000 Jan-Feb
Selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants resistant to the (+) and (-) enantiomers of 2'-deoxy-3'-oxa-4'-thio-5-fluorocytidine.
2000 May
Determination of serum levels of thirteen human immunodeficiency virus-suppressing drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography.
2001 Apr 13
Susceptibility of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors: evidence for resistance to lamivudine.
2001 Aug 15
Simultaneous quantitation of nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors by short-end injection capillary electrochromatography on a beta-cyclodextrin-bonded silica stationary phase.
2001 Aug 24
Synthesis and chain length-anti-HIV activity relationship of fully N- and O-sulfated homooligomers of tyrosine.
2001 Feb
MIKADO: a multicentre, open-label pilot study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of saquinavir with stavudine and zalcitabine.
2001 Jan
Phosphorylation of nucleoside analog antiretrovirals: a review for clinicians.
2001 Jan
Crystal structures of a ddATP-, ddTTP-, ddCTP, and ddGTP- trapped ternary complex of Klentaq1: insights into nucleotide incorporation and selectivity.
2001 Jun
Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in children receiving nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir, or ritonavir (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377).
2001 Jun 15
Differential incorporation and removal of antiviral deoxynucleotides by human DNA polymerase gamma.
2001 Jun 29
Functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 2 in LLC-PK1 cells.
2001 Sep
Mismatched double-stranded RNA (polyI-polyC(12)U) is synergistic with multiple anti-HIV drugs and is active against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant HIV-1 in vitro.
2001 Sep
Novel direct detection method for quantitative determination of intracellular nucleoside triphosphates using weak anion exchange liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
2002
New developments in anti-HIV chemotherapy.
2002 Jul 18
ViroLogic announces agreement with Achillion.
2002 Mar
Novel use of a guanosine prodrug approach to convert 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine into a viable antiviral agent.
2002 Mar
Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
2002 Mar
Certification of the critical importance of L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine at position 3 of a specific CXCR4 inhibitor, T140, leads to an exploratory performance of its downsizing study.
2002 May
Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cognitive processing in HIV infection: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of event-related potentials.
2002 May 1
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Patients should be advised that HIVID is recommended for use in combination with active antiretroviral therapy. Greater activity has been observed when new antiretroviral therapies are begun at the same time as HIVID. Concomitant therapy should be based on a patient’s prior drug exposure. The recommended regimen is one 0.750 mg tablet of HIVID orally every 8 hours (2.25 mg HIVID total daily dose) in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Please refer to the complete product information for each of the other antiretroviral agents for the recommended doses of these agents. Based on preliminary data, the recommended HIVID dosage reduction for patients with impaired renal function is: creatinine clearance 10 to 40 mL/min: 0.750 mg of HIVID every 12 hours; creatinine clearance <10 mL/min: 0.750 mg of HIVID every 24 hours.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (DDC) was evaluated for prophylactic antiviral activity in vitro using the feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-cat animal model. In vitro antiviral activity of DDC against FeLV was dependent upon the target cell used for infection. DDC (5 to 10 microM) inhibited FeLV infection of feline lymphoid cells by greater than 80%, while 6.07 to 12.13 uM DDC was required to similarly inhibit infection of feline fibroblasts. However, 43 to 384 uM DDC was needed to inhibit FeLV infection of primary bone marrow cells by greater than 80%. These in vitro results suggest that, although relatively low doses of DDC may be adequate to prevent infection of feline lymphoid cells, 8- to 80-times-higher doses may be necessary to block infection of bone marrow cells, a primary target cell type for FeLV infection. Results of in vitro studies suggest that feline bone marrow cells may remain partially susceptible to FeLV infection at tolerated doses, while other somatic target tissues (i.e., lymphoid or epithelial tissues) may be protected from infection.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
Edited
by admin
on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
Record UNII
6L3XT8CB3I
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
ZALCITABINE
HSDB   INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
ZALCITABINE [USAN]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
2',3'-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE
Systematic Name English
RO 24-2027/000
Code English
ZALCITABINE [HSDB]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE [JAN]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE (DIDEOXYCYTIDINE,DDC) [VANDF]
Common Name English
RO-24-2027/000
Code English
HIVID
Brand Name English
Zalcitabine [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
NSC-606170
Code English
ZALCITABINE [IARC]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
DIDEOXYCYTIDINE
Systematic Name English
RO-242027000
Code English
ZALCITABINE [MART.]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
DDC
Common Name English
CYTIDINE, 2',3'-DIDEOXY-
Systematic Name English
zalcitabine [INN]
Common Name English
ZALCITABINE [MI]
Common Name English
RO-24-2027000
Code English
ZALCITABINE [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QJ05AF03
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC J05AF03
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 17586
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 28388
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C1557
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
LIVERTOX 1044
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0023747
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
CC-48
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1724306
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
ZALCITABINE
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
24066
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
606170
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL853
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m11577
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
FDA UNII
6L3XT8CB3I
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
3363
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
NCI_THESAURUS
C430
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
6871
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00943
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D016047
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
10101
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000079386
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2856
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
4828
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
7481-89-2
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB00130MIG
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 05:31:55 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
IMPURITY -> PARENT
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
Related Record Type Details
ACTIVE MOIETY