Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C8H4N4O6 |
| Molecular Weight | 252.1406 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(=O)C(=O)N2)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=RWVIMCIPOAXUDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H4N4O6/c13-7-8(14)10-4-2-6(12(17)18)5(11(15)16)1-3(4)9-7/h1-2H,(H,9,13)(H,10,14)
| Molecular Formula | C8H4N4O6 |
| Molecular Weight | 252.1406 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
FG-9041 (6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dion or DNQX) is an antagonist of non-NMDA glutamate (AMPA and kainate) receptor. FG-9041 is used in molecular biology to identify the properties of different types of channels. In addition, experiments in rats have shown that DNQX reduces electroconvulsive shock-induced impairment of learning-memory.
Approval Year
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Diphenyl ditelluride induces hypophosphorylation of intermediate filaments through modulation of DARPP-32-dependent pathways in cerebral cortex of young rats. | 2012-02 |
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| Spatiotemporal dynamics of excitation in rat insular cortex: intrinsic corticocortical circuit regulates caudal-rostro excitatory propagation from the insular to frontal cortex. | 2010-01-13 |
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| GABAergic synapse properties may explain genetic variation in hippocampal network oscillations in mice. | 2010 |
|
| A Signal Processing Analysis of Purkinje Cells in vitro. | 2010 |
|
| Arcopallium, NMDA antagonists and ingestive behaviors in pigeons. | 2009-12-07 |
|
| Blockade of the translocation and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) attenuates dopaminergic neuronal damage in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | 2009-06 |
|
| Icilin-induced wet-dog shakes in rats are dependent on NMDA receptor activation and nitric oxide production. | 2009-05 |
|
| Efficient network reconstruction from dynamical cascades identifies small-world topology of neuronal avalanches. | 2009-01 |
|
| Are L-glutamate and ATP cotransmitters of the peripheral chemoreflex in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius? | 2009-01 |
|
| Prelimbic and infralimbic prefrontal cortex interact during fast network oscillations. | 2008-07-16 |
|
| Mesolimbic dopamine in desire and dread: enabling motivation to be generated by localized glutamate disruptions in nucleus accumbens. | 2008-07-09 |
|
| Glutamatergic contributions to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist-evoked cholinergic transients in the prefrontal cortex. | 2008-04-02 |
|
| Role of the amygdaloid cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin-2 receptors and terminal networks in the modulation of anxiety in the rat. Effects of CCK-4 and CCK-8S on anxiety-like behaviour and [3H]GABA release. | 2007-12 |
|
| AMPA and NMDA receptor regulation of firing activity in 5-HT neurons of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. | 2007-05 |
|
| Methotrexate induces seizure and decreases glutamate uptake in brain slices: prevention by ionotropic glutamate receptors antagonists and adenosine. | 2006-12-03 |
|
| NMDA receptor/L-VGCC-dependent expression and AMPA/KA receptor-dependent activation of c-Jun induced by cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2006-05-08 |
|
| NMDA and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors activation modulates substance P release from the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. | 2006-01-23 |
|
| Activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 3 is mediated by the GluR6.PSD-95.MLK3 signaling module following cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2005-11-02 |
|
| The putative glutamate receptor 1.1 (AtGLR1.1) in Arabidopsis thaliana regulates abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling to control development and water loss. | 2004-10 |
|
| Activation of ERK5 is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and L-type voltage-gated calcium channel via Src involving oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2004-02-26 |
|
| NMDA receptor-mediated immediate Ser831 phosphorylation of GluR1 through CaMKIIalpha in rat hippocampus during early global ischemia. | 2004-01 |
|
| Dopamine D1 receptors mediate CREB phosphorylation via phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor at Ser897-NR1. | 2003-11 |
|
| Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and AMPA/KA receptor antagonist DNQX inhibited mixed lineage kinase-3 activation following cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2003-09 |
|
| Contribution of ionotropic glutamate receptors to acute amphetamine-stimulated preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the rat striatum in vivo. | 2003-07-31 |
|
| Antioxidant NAC and AMPA/KA receptor antagonist DNQX inhibited JNK3 activation following global ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2003-06 |
|
| Nuclear factor kappaB activation is mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA receptor and L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel following severe global ischemia in rat hippocampus. | 2002-04-12 |
|
| Stereochemistry of quinoxaline antagonist binding to a glutamate receptor investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | 2001-10-12 |
|
| NADPH diaphorase activity in the rabbit retina is modulated by glutamatergic pathways. | 2001-02-26 |
|
| Optical recording of the spatiotemporal propagation of neuronal excitation in the rat hippocampal CA2-CA1 pathway. | 2001 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Forty-eight adult Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (an animal model for depressive behavior): DNQX (FG9041) (iv 2 mL 5 mg/kg DNQX through the tail veins of WKY rats )
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
It was tested the effects of the quinoxaline derivative DNQX (FG9041) on the membrane potential of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and ventrobasal (VB) neurons. DNQX (20 μM) produced a slow-onset, long-duration depolarization in all TRN neurons tested with average amplitude of 3.3 ± 1.1 mV. In contrast, DNQX (20 μM) did not alter the membrane potential (0.2 ± 0.5 mV, n = 6) or input resistance of VB neurons. Accordingly, in voltage-clamp recordings, DNQX (20 μM) evoked an inward current that averaged −14.3 ± 5.6 pA but not in VB neurons (1.3 ± 2.3 pA, n = 5, P > 0.1). At a lower concentration, DNQX (4 μM) produced a negligible depolarization (0.3 ± 0.3 mV, n = 5) in TRN neurons, but at higher concentrations, DNQX (100 μM) produced a larger depolarization that averaged 3.7 ± 1.6 mV.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 23:04:31 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 23:04:31 GMT 2025
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| Record UNII |
62T278S1MX
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| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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DNQX
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