Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | H4N |
Molecular Weight | 18.0385 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 1 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[NH4+]
InChI
InChIKey=QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O
InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1
Molecular Formula | H3N |
Molecular Weight | 17.0305 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH4+. Ammonium ions are a waste product of the metabolism of animals. In fish and aquatic invertebrates, it is excreted directly into the water. In mammals, sharks, and amphibians, it is converted in the urea cycle to urea, because urea is less toxic and can be stored more efficiently. In birds, reptiles, and terrestrial snails, metabolic ammonium is converted into uric acid, which is solid and can therefore be excreted with minimal water loss. Ammonium is an important source of nitrogen for many plant species, especially those growing on hypoxic soils. However, it is also toxic to most crop species and is rarely applied as a sole nitrogen source. The ammonium ion (NH4+) in the body plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney uses ammonium (NH4+) in place of sodium (Na+) to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. When a loss of hydrogen ions (H+) occurs and serum chloride (Cl–) decreases, sodium is made available for combination with bicarbonate (HCO3–). This creates an excess of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) which leads to a rise in blood pH and a state of metabolic alkalosis. The therapeutic effects of Ammonium (as Ammonium Chloride) depend upon the ability of the kidney to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl–) ions into the extracellular fluid.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL217 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743637 |
2.2 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL1947 Sources: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22324546 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | AMMONIUM CHLORIDE Approved UseUnknown Launch Date1984 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
A triphosphopyridine nucleotide-specific nitrite reductase from Escherichia coli. | 1961 Dec |
|
Effects of glutamate and sulphur containing amino acids on ammonia toxicity and methionine sulphoximine convulsions in mice. | 1976 Jun 18 |
|
Acute changes of blood ammonia may predict short-term adverse effects of valproic acid. | 1984 Nov |
|
Possible mechanisms of anti-cholinergic drug-induced bradycardia. | 1988 |
|
Determination of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid using the indophenol direct method. | 1998 Jun-Aug |
|
Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia in children receiving valproic acid with and without other anticonvulsant drugs. | 1999 |
|
Control of solitary gastric fundal varices and portosystemic encephalopathy accompanying liver cirrhosis by balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO): a case report. | 1999 Mar-Apr |
|
Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds. | 1999 Sep |
|
Rye bread improves bowel function and decreases the concentrations of some compounds that are putative colon cancer risk markers in middle-aged women and men. | 2000 Sep |
|
Effects of zinc deficiency/zinc supplementation on ammonia metabolism in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. | 2001 Dec |
|
Functional identification of ion binding sites at the internal end of the pore in Shaker K+ channels. | 2003 May 15 |
|
Pharmacokinetic considerations in development of a bioartificial liver. | 2004 |
|
Phosphorylation of mouse glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (GFAT2) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase increases the enzyme activity. | 2004 Jul 16 |
|
Relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic liver failure. | 2005 |
|
Mechanisms of ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling. | 2005 Dec |
|
Cerebral ammonia uptake and accumulation during prolonged exercise in humans. | 2005 Feb 15 |
|
Ammonia metabolism capacity of HepG2 cells with high expression of human glutamine synthetase. | 2008 Dec |
|
Collecting duct-specific Rh C glycoprotein deletion alters basal and acidosis-stimulated renal ammonia excretion. | 2009 Jun |
|
Ammonia transport in cultured gill epithelium of freshwater rainbow trout: the importance of Rhesus glycoproteins and the presence of an apical Na+/NH4+ exchange complex. | 2009 Mar |
|
Ammonia and proinflammatory cytokines modify expression of genes coding for astrocytic proteins implicated in brain edema in acute liver failure. | 2010 Mar |
|
Glutamine synthetase in muscle is required for glutamine production during fasting and extrahepatic ammonia detoxification. | 2010 Mar 26 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3743637
Intraperitoneal: 10 mM per 1 kg body weight
Oral: 40 mM per 1 kg body weight
Route of Administration:
Other
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
Record UNII |
54S68520I4
|
Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
Record Version |
|
-
Download
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Preferred Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
LOINC |
1845-7
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
||
|
LOINC |
1844-0
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
||
|
LOINC |
14599-5
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
54S68520I4
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
Ammonium cation
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1313310
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
100000176250
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
14798-03-9
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID5043974
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
223
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
28938
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
54S68520I4
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
709
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 18:29:37 GMT 2025
|
ALTERNATIVE |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
PARENT -> IMPURITY |
EP
|
||
|
PARENT -> IMPURITY |
ammonium at 570 nm: not more than the area of the corresponding peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) (0.02 per cent), taking into account the peak due to ammonium in the chromatogram obtained with the blank solution.
EP
|
||
|
PARENT -> IMPURITY |
EP
|
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
ACTIVE MOIETY |