Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C18H26ClN3O |
Molecular Weight | 335.872 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCN(CCO)CCCC(C)NC1=CC=NC2=C1C=CC(Cl)=C2
InChI
InChIKey=XXSMGPRMXLTPCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H26ClN3O/c1-3-22(11-12-23)10-4-5-14(2)21-17-8-9-20-18-13-15(19)6-7-16(17)18/h6-9,13-14,23H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21)
Molecular Formula | C18H26ClN3O |
Molecular Weight | 335.872 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/009768s041lbl.pdf
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/009768s041lbl.pdf
Hydroxychloroquine possesses antimalarial properties and also exerts a beneficial effect in lupus erythematosus (chronic discoid or systemic) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it may be based on ability of hydroxychloroquine to bind to and alter DNA. Hydroxychloroquine has also has been found to be taken up into the acidic food vacuoles of the parasite in the erythrocyte. This increases the pH of the acid vesicles, interfering with vesicle functions and possibly inhibiting phospholipid metabolism. In suppressive treatment, hydroxychloroquine inhibits the erythrocytic stage of development of plasmodia. In acute attacks of malaria, it interrupts erythrocytic schizogony of the parasite. Its ability to concentrate in parasitized erythrocytes may account for their selective toxicity against the erythrocytic stages of plasmodial infection. As an antirheumatic, hydroxychloroquine is thought to act as a mild immunosuppressant, inhibiting the production of rheumatoid factor and acute phase reactants. It also accumulates in white blood cells, stabilizing lysosomal membranes and inhibiting the activity of many enzymes, including collagenase and the proteases that cause cartilage breakdown. Hydroxychloroquine is used for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum. It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL5936 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611 |
2.78 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5804 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342772 |
0.08 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Curative | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date1955 |
|||
Primary | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date1955 |
|||
Primary | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date1955 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
129.6 ng/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.22 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
50.3 ng/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
102.3 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
537 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
172.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2963 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
48% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8359187 |
unknown, unknown |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Cardio-respiratory arrest... |
200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Tachycardia, Hypotension... Other AEs: Tachycardia Sources: Hypotension Depression Hypokalemia |
20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Hypotension, Hypokalemia... |
12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 2.5 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 2.5 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Cardio-respiratory arrest... |
4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Vomiting, Ventricular tachycardia... |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
DLT: Nausea, Vomiting... Other AEs: Lymphopenia, Anemia... Dose limiting toxicities: Nausea (grade 3, 13%) Other AEs:Vomiting (grade 3, 13%) Lymphopenia (grade 3-4, 13%) Sources: Anemia (grade 1-2, 13%) Thrombocytopenia (grade 1-2, 13%) Anorexia (grade 1-2, 38%) Bradycardia (grade 1-2, 13%) Constipation (grade 1-2, 25%) Diarrhea (grade 1-2, 25%) Fatigue (grade 1-2, 88%) Hypotension (grade 1-2, 13%) Nausea (grade 1-2, 50%) Rash (grade 1-2, 13%) Vomiting (grade 1-2, 25%) |
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
DLT: Heart block... Dose limiting toxicities: Heart block (grade 3, 6.7%) Sources: |
500 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
DLT: Rash... |
200 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cardiovascular disease Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Other AEs: Increased blood pressure... Other AEs: Increased blood pressure (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Cardio-respiratory arrest | grade 5 | 12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Depression | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypokalemia | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypotension | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Tachycardia | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypokalemia | 20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypotension | 20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Cardio-respiratory arrest | grade 5 | 12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 2.5 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 2.5 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Ventricular tachycardia | 4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Vomiting | 4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Anemia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Bradycardia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Hypotension | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Rash | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Thrombocytopenia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Constipation | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Diarrhea | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Vomiting | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Anorexia | grade 1-2, 38% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Nausea | grade 1-2, 50% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Fatigue | grade 1-2, 88% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Nausea | grade 3, 13% DLT |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Vomiting | grade 3, 13% DLT |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Lymphopenia | grade 3-4, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Heart block | grade 3, 6.7% DLT |
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Rash | grade 3, 14.3% DLT |
500 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Increased blood pressure | below serious, 1 patient | 200 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cardiovascular disease Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: Concomitant administration of HCQ increased the bioavailability of metoprolol, as indicated by significant increases in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (65 ± 4.6%) and maximal plasma concentrations (72 ± 6.9%) of metoprolol |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
[Amphiphilic cationic drug myopathy, drug-induced lysosomal storage lipidosis]. | 2001 |
|
Combination therapy with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 |
|
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study. | 2001 |
|
Antimalarials--the 'real' advance in lupus. | 2001 |
|
Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with bromocriptine. | 2001 |
|
Antimalarial therapy: a panacea for mild lupus? | 2001 |
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Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus. | 2001 |
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Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: unknown long-term effects. | 2001 Apr |
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Patterns of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use, medical resource consumption, and cost among rheumatoid arthritis patients. | 2001 Apr |
|
Vascular stiffness in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Apr |
|
Middermal elastolysis in two patients with lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Apr |
|
Rational use of new and existing disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 Apr 17 |
|
Pilot tolerability studies of hydroxychloroquine and colchicine in Alzheimer disease. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
|
Early hydroxychloroquine macular toxicity. | 2001 Aug |
|
Bromocriptine in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. | 2001 Aug |
|
Risks factors and prevention of Q fever endocarditis. | 2001 Aug 1 |
|
Effect of hydroxychloroquine on progression of dementia in early Alzheimer's disease: an 18-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | 2001 Aug 11 |
|
Angiooedema due to acquired deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor associated with leucocytoclastic vasculitis. | 2001 Aug-Sep |
|
Progress in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 Dec 12 |
|
A linear erythema on the nose of a Korean girl. | 2001 Feb |
|
Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with hydroxychloroquine. | 2001 Jul |
|
Hydroxychloroquine enhances the endocrine secretion of adenovirus-directed growth hormone from rat submandibular glands in vivo. | 2001 Jul 1 |
|
Treating early rheumatoid arthritis in the younger patient. | 2001 Jun |
|
Conventional DMARD options for patients with a suboptimal response to methotrexate. | 2001 Jun |
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Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: longterm safety issues. | 2001 Jun |
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Rheumatologists' attitudes toward routine screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. | 2001 Jun |
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Analysis of the ABCR (ABCA4) gene in 4-aminoquinoline retinopathy: is retinal toxicity by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine related to Stargardt disease? | 2001 Jun |
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Pregnancy in past or present lupus nephritis: a study of 32 pregnancies from a single centre. | 2001 Jun |
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Western and Chinese antirheumatic drug-induced T cell apoptotic DNA damage uses different caspase cascades and is independent of Fas/Fas ligand interaction. | 2001 Jun 1 |
|
The additive in vitro anti-HIV-1 effect of chloroquine, when combined with zidovudine and hydroxyurea. | 2001 Jun 15 |
|
[Lymphedema of the upper limb, a complication of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. | 2001 Jun 30 |
|
[Photodermatosis induced by hydroxychloroquine: 4 cases]. | 2001 Jun-Jul |
|
Hydroxychloroquine sulphate inhibits in vitro apoptosis of circulating lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Mar |
|
Management of a patient with sarcoid calcaneitis and dactylitis. | 2001 Mar |
|
[Subacute cutaneous lupus gyratus repens]. | 2001 Mar |
|
Reversible blindness resulting from optic chiasmitis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Mar |
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Progression of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy after discontinuation of therapy: case report. | 2001 May |
|
Current concepts regarding pharmacologic treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. | 2001 May |
|
Lupus profundus, indeterminate lymphocytic lobular panniculitis and subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma: a spectrum of subcuticular T-cell lymphoid dyscrasia. | 2001 May |
|
Combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 May |
|
Treatment with cyclosporin switching to hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 May |
|
Bone loss prevention by an antimalarial drug. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
Dermatomyositis. | 2001 Nov 1 |
|
Mycophenolate mofetil treatment of severe renal disease in pediatric onset systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Sep |
|
Safety and efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents: focus on the benefits and risks of etanercept. | 2002 |
|
Prescribing trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of practicing Canadian rheumatologists. | 2002 Feb |
|
Second-line drugs used in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis in Brittany (France). | 2002 Jan |
|
Treatment of severe immune thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: 59 cases. | 2002 Jan |
|
IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus in SLE nephritis: viral infection or aspecific autoantibody? | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
Nonendemic pemphigus foliaceus in children. | 2002 Mar |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Malaria: Suppression— In adults, 400 mg (=310 mg base) on exactly the same day of each week. In infants and children, the weekly suppressive dosage is 5 mg, calculated as base, per kg of body weight, but should not exceed the adult dose regardless of weight.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23778483
After 48 hours of stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, Hydroxychloroquine (25-100 uM) inhibited the production of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 in the PBMCs of healthy volunteers
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
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by
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Record UNII |
4QWG6N8QKH
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/16/1820
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
2.4
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admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C271
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WHO-ATC |
P01BA02
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admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548738
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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NDF-RT |
N0000175482
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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NDF-RT |
N0000175713
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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1395
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100000083659
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m6127
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admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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4QWG6N8QKH
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5801
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HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE
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SUB08077MIG
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7198
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5521
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admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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4QWG6N8QKH
Created by
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DTXSID8023135
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D006886
Created by
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DB01611
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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C557
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3652
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CHEMBL1535
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204-249-8
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118-42-3
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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Hydroxychloroquine
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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796
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 17:54:56 GMT 2023
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PRIMARY |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR | |||
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TARGET ORGANISM->INHIBITOR |
after 24 hours incubation; works in cell culture may not work in-vivo
EC50
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TARGET ORGANISM->INHIBITOR |
EC50
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TARGET -> INHIBITOR |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT | |||
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
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METABOLITE ACTIVE -> PARENT |
Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
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PARENT -> IMPURITY |
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
USP
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
Name | Property Type | Amount | Referenced Substance | Defining | Parameters | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biological Half-life | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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SINGLE DOSE |
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Tmax | PHARMACOKINETIC |
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ORAL ADMINISTRATION |
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