U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C8H12N4O5
Molecular Weight 244.2047
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 4 / 4
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of RIBAVIRIN

SMILES

NC(=O)C1=NN(C=N1)[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O

InChI

InChIKey=IWUCXVSUMQZMFG-AFCXAGJDSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H12N4O5/c9-6(16)7-10-2-12(11-7)8-5(15)4(14)3(1-13)17-8/h2-5,8,13-15H,1H2,(H2,9,16)/t3-,4-,5-,8-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Molecular Formula C8H12N4O5
Molecular Weight 244.2047
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 4 / 4
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=adf16e64-345f-469a-b987-3fbdd17e0ac2 | http://www.news-medical.net/health/Ribavirin-History.aspx

Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, which was first discovered and developed in 1970 by researchers from the International Chemical & Nuclear Corporation (ICN), today known as Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Ribavirin was initially approved for use in humans to treat pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections (RSV). In cell cultures the inhibitory activity of ribavirin for RSV is selective. The mechanism of action is unknown. Reversal of the in vitro antiviral activity by guanosine or xanthosine suggests ribavirin may act as an analogue of these cellular metabolites. There were no other significant advancements in the treatment of hepatitis C until 1998, when the combination of ribavirin and interferon-alpha gained approval. Clinically, ribavirin showed a small, additive antiviral effect in combination with interferon, but its main effect was dose-dependent prevention of virological relapse. The mechanism by which the combination of ribavirin and an interferon product exerts its effects against the hepatitis C virus has not been fully established. However, it could be thorough the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), which is the key step in de novo guanine synthesis, a requirement for viral replication.

CNS Activity

Originator

Chemical & Nuclear
1
Curator's Comment: Ribavirin was first discovered and developed in 1970 by researchers from the International Chemical & Nuclear Corporation (ICN), today known as Valeant Pharmaceuticals. Chemists Joseph T. Witkovski and Ronald K. Robins had a main role in synthesizing this compound.

Approval Year

1985
117
Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Inhibitor
8297
Inhibitor
8297
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Approved
8429
VIRAZOLE

Approved Use

VIRAZOLE (Ribavirin for Inhalation Solution, USP) is indicated for the treatment of hospitalized infants and young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections due to respiratory syncytial virus. Treatment early in the course of severe lower respiratory tract infection may be necessary to achieve efficacy. Only severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection should be treated with VIRAZOLE. The vast majority of infants and children with RSV infection have disease that is mild, self-limited, and does not require hospitalization or antiviral treatment. Many children with mild lower respiratory tract involvement will require shorter hospitalization than would be required for a full course of VIRAZOLE aerosol (3 to 7 days) and should not be treated with the drug. Thus the decision to treat with VIRAZOLE should be based on the severity of the RSV infection. The presence of an underlying condition such as prematurity, immunosuppression or cardiopulmonary disease may increase the severity of clinical manifestations and complications of RSV infection. Use of aerosolized VIRAZOLE in patients requiring mechanical ventilator assistance should be undertaken only by physicians and support staff familiar with this mode of administration and the specific ventilator being used

Launch Date

1985
Primary
Approved
8429
COPEGUS

Approved Use

COPEGUS in combination with PEGASYS (peginterferon alfa-2a) is indicated for the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who have compensated liver disease and have not been previously treated with interferon alpha. Patients in whom efficacy was demonstrated included patients with compensated liver disease and histological evidence of cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A).

Launch Date

2002
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3680 ng/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/020903s052,021546s008lbl.pdf
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
RIBAVIRIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
228000 ng × h/mL
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/020903s052,021546s008lbl.pdf
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
RIBAVIRIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
298 h
DRUG LABEL
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/020903s052,021546s008lbl.pdf
600 mg 2 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 600 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
RIBAVIRIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
unhealthy, 21 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
Age Group: 21 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
Disc. AE: Hyperuricemia, Injury to kidney...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hyperuricemia (severe, 1 patient)
Injury to kidney (acute, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Disc. AE: Nausea, Vomiting...
Other AEs: CNS disorder (NOS), Fatigue...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (1 patient)
Vomiting (1 patient)
Headache (severe, 1 patient)
Hematocrit low (1 patient)
Other AEs:
CNS disorder (NOS) (severe, 3 patients)
Fatigue (3 patients)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Disc. AE: Nonprotein nitrogen blood increased, Abdominal pain...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nonprotein nitrogen blood increased (1 patient)
Abdominal pain (1 patient)
Tenderness (1 patient)
Anorexia (1 patient)
Pancreatic enzymes increased (1 patient)
Pancreatitis (1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
1200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
pregnant
Health Status: pregnant
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
Other AEs: Fetal death...
Other AEs:
Fetal death (grade 5)
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
1200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Injury to kidney acute, 1 patient
Disc. AE
600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
unhealthy, 21 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
Age Group: 21 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
Hyperuricemia severe, 1 patient
Disc. AE
600 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 600 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
unhealthy, 21 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection
Age Group: 21 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33617629
Hematocrit low 1 patient
Disc. AE
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Nausea 1 patient
Disc. AE
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Vomiting 1 patient
Disc. AE
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Fatigue 3 patients
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Headache severe, 1 patient
Disc. AE
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
CNS disorder (NOS) severe, 3 patients
2400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 2400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
unhealthy, 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: generalized lymphadenopathy
Age Group: 39.9 years (range: 27 - 51 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2444379
Abdominal pain 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Anorexia 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Nonprotein nitrogen blood increased 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Pancreatic enzymes increased 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Pancreatitis 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Tenderness 1 patient
Disc. AE
16 mg/kg 4 times / day multiple, intravenous
Highest studied dose
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Route: intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 16 mg/kg, 4 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
unhealthy, 6-10 years
n = 2
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: La Crosse viral encephalitis
Age Group: 6-10 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 2
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21544005
Fetal death grade 5
1200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1200 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
pregnant
Health Status: pregnant
Sources:
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/21511_Copegus_lbl.pdf
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG
substrate
1737

inhibitor
1587
substrate
1037

inhibitor
1767
substrate
1217

inhibitor
1852

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer
CYP1A2
1524

CYP2A6
707

CYP2C19
1478

CYP2E1
882
CYP1A2
1054

CYP2A6
543

CYP2C19
991

CYP2E1
667
Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP1A2
1692
 no
CYP2A6
739
 no
CYP2C19
1553
 no
CYP2C9
1819
 no
CYP2D6
1891
 no
CYP2E1
970
 no
CYP3A4
1925
 no
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
CYP1A2
1054
 no
CYP2A6
543
 no
CYP2C19
991
 no
CYP2C9
1037
 no
CYP2D6
1217
 no
CYP2E1
667
 no
CYP3A4
1737
 no
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
ChEBI
CHEBI:63580
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:63580
ChemicalBook
CB0689324
https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0689324
MolPort
MolPort-002-507-104
https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-507-104
Selleck Chemicals
Ribavirin(Copegus)
http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Ribavirin(Copegus).html
ZINC
ZINC000001035331
http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000001035331
eMolecules
1944721
https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=1944721
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Efficacy of 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide against influenza virus infections in mice.
1975 May
Synthesis of tetrazole ribonucleosides and their evaluation as antiviral agents.
1976 Feb
Effect of cytosine, arabinoside, iododeoxyuridine, ethyldeoxyuridine, thiocyanatodeoxyuridine, and ribavirin on tail lesion formation in mice infected with vaccinia virus.
1976 Mar
Selective inhibition of arthropod-borne and arenaviruses in vitro by 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxyadenosine.
1992 Jun
Ribavirin--current status of a broad spectrum antiviral agent.
2001 Aug
Synthesis, mechanism of action, and antiviral activity of a new series of covalent mechanism-based inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase.
2001 Aug 16
Increased mitochondrial toxicity with ribavirin in HIV/HCV coinfection.
2001 Jan 27
Inhibition of measles virus replication by 5'-nor carbocyclic adenosine analogues.
2001 Jul
Ribavirin treatment in dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection--a pilot study.
2001 Jul
Cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitors with potent in vitro anti-influenza virus activities.
2001 Mar
The in vitro study of influence of four novel platinum compounds on rodent melanoma cells.
2001 May-Jun
A preliminary study of erythropoietin for anemia associated with ribavirin and interferon-alpha.
2001 Sep
Novel carbocyclic nucleosides containing a cyclobutyl ring: adenosine analogues.
2001 Sep
Chronic hepatitis C in HIV infection: feasibility and sustained efficacy of therapy with interferon alfa-2b and tribavirin.
2001 Sep 28
Management strategies for ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in the treatment of hepatitis C: clinical and economic implications.
2001 Sep-Oct
In vitro and in vivo activities of anti-influenza virus compound T-705.
2002 Apr
[Novel mode of action of ribavirin (Rebetol), a drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: inducting the mutation of RNA viruses].
2002 Dec
Sustained suppression of hepatitis C virus by interferon and ribavirin in hemophilic patients not responding to interferon monotherapy.
2002 Feb 1
Ribavirin-induced sperm shape abnormalities in Wistar rat.
2002 Jan 15
New 2-(1-adamantylcarbonyl)pyridine and 1-acetyladamantane thiosemicarbazones-thiocarbonohydrazones: cell growth inhibitory, antiviral and antimicrobial activity evaluation.
2002 Mar 11
Characterization of wild-type and cidofovir-resistant strains of camelpox, cowpox, monkeypox, and vaccinia viruses.
2002 May
Inhibitors of the IMPDH enzyme as potential anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus agents.
2002 Nov
The quest for an efficacious antiviral for respiratory syncytial virus.
2002 Nov
Search of antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs.
2002 Nov-Dec
Comparison of colorimetric, fluorometric, and visual methods for determining anti-influenza (H1N1 and H3N2) virus activities and toxicities of compounds.
2002 Oct
Treatment of acute hepatitis C virus infection with interferon-alpha 2b and ribavirin: case report and review of the literature.
2002 Oct 14
U.S. veterans' experience with rebetron in a nonstudy environment: success or failure?
2002 Sep
Ribavirin reduces clinical signs and pathological changes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Dark Agouti rats.
2003 Apr 15
Interferon and ribavirin treatment in patients with hepatitis C-associated renal disease and renal insufficiency.
2003 Aug
Adherence and mental side effects during hepatitis C treatment with interferon alfa and ribavirin in psychiatric risk groups.
2003 Feb
Potential antiviral therapeutics for smallpox, monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus infections.
2003 Jan
Successful treatment of giant cell hepatitis with Rebetron (interferon/ribavirin).
2003 Jan
A pilot study of eicosapentaenoic acid therapy for ribavirin-related anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
2003 Jun
Patents

Patents

05258301
1
05506122
1
07115578
1
JP2002541233A
400
JP2003516314A
4
JP2004035537A
1
JP2004523497A
81
JP2004534728A
78
JP2006510736A
2
JP2008222630A
1
JP2008500265A
6
JP2009504706A
1
JP2009526755A
447
JPH01102093A
1
JPH01102094A
1
JPH11152231A
1

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=adf16e64-345f-469a-b987-3fbdd17e0ac2
respiratory syncytial virus infection: 20 mg/mL VIRAZOLE (Ribavirin for inhalation solution) as the starting solution in the drug reservoir of the SPAG-2 unit, with continuous aerosol administration for 12-18 hours per day for 3 to 7 days. Using the recommended drug concentration of 20 mg/mL the average aerosol concentration for a 12 hour delivery period would be 190 micrograms/liter of air. Aerosolized VIRAZOLE should not be administered in a mixture for combined aerosolization or simultaneously with other aerosolized medications. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection: The recommended duration of treatment for patients previously untreated with ribavirin and interferon is 24 to 48 weeks. The daily dose of COPEGUS (ribavirin) tablets is 800 mg to 1200 mg administered orally in two divided doses. The dose should be individualized to the patient depending on baseline disease characteristics (eg, genotype), response to therapy, and tolerability of the regimen.
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
To determine the optimal concentration and timing of ribavirin treatment for the inhibition of viral transcription, Human A549 pulmonary type II epithelial cells pretreated (2 h) or posttreated (1 h) with increasing concentrations of ribavirin (from10 to 100 microg/ml) were exposed to pRSV (Respiratory syncytial virus). Total cellular RNA was harvested 36 h later, and the abundance of the 1.1-kb RSV N transcript was measured by Northern blotting. Ribavirin treatment potently inhibited RSV transcription, thereby reducing the level of RSV N transcripts to approximately 13% of levels in nontreated cells. In RSV-infected epithelial cells, ribavirin reduces plaque formation, the release of infectious virions, and F glycoprotein expression.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
Edited
by admin
on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
Record UNII
49717AWG6K
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
RIBAVIRIN
EMA EPAR   EP   HSDB   INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
COPEGUS
Brand Name English
COTRONAK
Brand Name English
RIBAVIRIN [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
RBV
Common Name English
ribavirin [INN]
Common Name English
1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE, 1-.BETA.-D-RIBOFURANOSYL-
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [HSDB]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [EMA EPAR]
Common Name English
SCH 18908
Code English
SCH-18908
Code English
Ribavirin [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
NSC-163039
Code English
RIBAVIRIN BIOPARTNERS
Brand Name English
RIBAVIRIN [MI]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN TEVA PHARMA B.V.
Brand Name English
REBETOL
Brand Name English
RIBAVIRIN MYLAN
Brand Name English
RIBAVIRIN [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [VANDF]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [JAN]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [MART.]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN COMPONENT OF PEGINTERFERON
Common Name English
VIRAZOLE
Brand Name English
RIBASPHERE
Brand Name English
RIBAVIRIN [USAN]
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN TEVA
Brand Name English
1-.BETA.-D-RIBOFURANOSYL-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE
Common Name English
RIBAVIRIN [USP-RS]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NDF-RT N0000175466
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS RIBAVIRIN TEVA (AUTHORIZED: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC J05AP01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 57491
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS RIBAVIRIN TEVA PHARMA B.V. (AUTHORIZED: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548115
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QJ05AB04
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS COTRONAK (REFUSED: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EU-Orphan Drug EU/3/01/024
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST 6.4.3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C281
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS REBETOL (AUTHORIZED: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC J05AB04
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175459
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS RIBAVIRIN BIOPARTNERS (WITHDRAWN: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 162402
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS RIBAVIRIN MYLAN (AUTHORIZED: HEPATITIS C, CHRONIC)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
NSC
163039
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C807
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
3543
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1643
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000089166
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D012254
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
36791-04-5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1602706
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB10297MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
JAPANESE REVIEW
COPEGUS
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY APPROVED MARCH 2015
LACTMED
Ribavirin
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m9593
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
EPA CompTox
DTXSID8023557
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
63580
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00811
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
6513
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ALANWOOD
ribavirin
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
6842
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
66510-90-5
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
SUPERSEDED
RXCUI
9344
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
WIKIPEDIA
RIBAVIRIN
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
49717AWG6K
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2373
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
37542
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
49717AWG6K
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:35:07 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
Related Record Type Details
Structure of RIBAVIRIN
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE
ASSAY (HPLC)
EP
SARS-COV2
TARGET ORGANISM->INHIBITOR
A guanine derivative approved for treating HCV and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) that has been evaluated in patients with SARS and MERS, but its side effects such as anaemia may be severe at high doses.
Structure of RIBAVIRIN
BASIS OF STRENGTH->SUBSTANCE
ASSAY (HPLC)
USP
RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE COMPLEX (COVID 2019 VIRUS)
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
INOSINE-5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE 1
TARGET -> INHIBITOR
Related Record Type Details
Structure of 1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
METABOLITE -> PARENT
a degradative pathway involving deribosylation and amide hydrolysis to yield a triazole carboxylic acid metabolite; Excreted renally
Structure of RIBAVIRIN 5'-PHOSPHATE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
BY adenosine kinase
Structure of 1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
a degradative pathway involving deribosylation and amide hydrolysis to yield a triazole carboxylic acid metabolite; excreted renally.
Structure of TARIBAVIRIN
PRODRUG -> METABOLITE ACTIVE
Structure of RIBAVIRIN TRIPHOSPHATE
METABOLITE -> PARENT
by the successive action of nucleoside mono- and di-phosphate kinases
MAJOR
PLASMA
Related Record Type Details
Structure of 1-.BETA.-D-RIBOFURANOSYL-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
UNSPECIFIED
EP
Structure of RIBAVIRIN CARBOXYLIC ACID
IMPURITY -> PARENT
For the calculation of contents, multiply the peak areas by 2.3
CHROMATOGRAPHIC PURITY (HPLC/UV)
EP
Structure of RIBAVIRIN METHYL ESTER
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Structure of 1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXAMIDE
IMPURITY -> PARENT
UNSPECIFIED
EP
Structure of .ALPHA.-RIBAVIRIN
IMPURITY -> PARENT
UNSPECIFIED
EP
Structure of RIBAVIRIN 5'-BENZOYL
IMPURITY -> PARENT
Structure of 5'-O-ACETYLRIBAVIRIN
IMPURITY -> PARENT
UNSPECIFIED
EP
Structure of 1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID
IMPURITY -> PARENT
UNSPECIFIED
EP
Related Record Type Details
Structure of RIBAVIRIN
ACTIVE MOIETY
NIH
NCATS
PRIVACY ACT
ACCESSIBILITY
DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
For language access assistance, contact the NCATS Public Information Officer
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS),
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