Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | 2O.Ti |
Molecular Weight | 79.866 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[O--].[O--].[Ti+4]
InChI
InChIKey=SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/2O.Ti/q2*-2;+4
Molecular Formula | O |
Molecular Weight | 15.9994 |
Charge | -2 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Molecular Formula | Ti |
Molecular Weight | 47.867 |
Charge | 4 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022009s000_ClinPharmR.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503414
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022009s000_ClinPharmR.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503414
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO
2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally it is sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, from paint to sunscreen to food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million metric tons. Titanium dioxide has excellent ultraviolet (UV) resistant qualities and acts as a UV absorbent. In the pharmaceutical industry, titanium dioxide is used in most sunscreens to block UVA and UVB rays, similar to zinc oxide. It is also commonly used as pigment for pharmaceutical products such as gelatin capsules, tablet coatings and syrups. In the cosmetics industry, it is used in toothpaste, lipsticks, creams, ointments and powders. It can be used as an opacifier to make pigments opaque. The FDA has approved the safety of titanium dioxide for use as a colorant in food, drugs and cosmetics, including sunscreens. However, controversy exists as to the safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in the cosmetics industry, for example in sunscreens. Titanium and zinc oxides may be made into the nanoparticle size (0.2-100 nanometers) to reduce the white appearance when applied topically, but retain the UV blocking properties. Recent studies suggest titanium dioxide nanoparticles may be toxic, although further research is needed.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503414
Curator's Comment: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2008/022009s000_ClinPharmR.pdf
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: ultraviolet induced damage Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503257 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Preventing | ANTHELIOS 40 Approved UseUnknown Launch Date1.20692159E12 |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Increased expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in rat lungs after inhalation of inflammatory and fibrogenic minerals. | 1994 Mar |
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Cytokine and prostaglandin E2 release from leukocytes in response to metal ions derived from different prosthetic materials: an in vitro study. | 1999 Dec |
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Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2, -9 and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary human osteoblast cells in response to titanium, zirconia, and alumina ceramics. | 2004 Jan 1 |
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Pulmonary exposure to particles during pregnancy causes increased neonatal asthma susceptibility. | 2008 Jan |
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Effects of ultrafine TiO2 particles on gene expression profile in human keratinocytes without illumination: involvement of extracellular matrix and cell adhesion. | 2009 Dec 15 |
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Role of air pollution Particulate Matter (PM(2.5)) in the occurrence of loss of heterozygosity in multiple critical regions of 3p chromosome in human epithelial lung cells (L132). | 2009 Jun 22 |
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The effects of implant surface nanoscale features on osteoblast-specific gene expression. | 2009 Sep |
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells through the caspase 8/t-Bid-independent mitochondrial pathway. | 2010 Jun 16 |
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Spleen injury and apoptotic pathway in mice caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticules. | 2010 Jun 2 |
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Cellular responses by stable and uniform ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in culture-medium dispersions when secondary particle size was 100 nm or less. | 2010 Sep |
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DNA damage and alterations in expression of DNA damage responsive genes induced by TiO2 nanoparticles in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. | 2011 Sep |
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increase inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells. | 2013 Apr 5 |
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles promote arrhythmias via a direct interaction with rat cardiac tissue. | 2014 Dec 9 |
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Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce migration and adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells and accelerate foam cell formation. | 2014 Jul 1 |
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Sheet-type titania, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanying apoptosis in murine alveolar macrophage cells. | 2014 Oct 1 |
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Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lead bioconcentration and toxicity on thyroid endocrine system and neuronal development in zebrafish larvae. | 2015 Apr |
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles modulate the toxicological response to cadmium in the gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis. | 2015 Oct 30 |
Sample Use Guides
Apply evenly 15 minutes before sun exposure. Reapply as needed or after towel drying, swimming, or perspiring. Children under 6 months of age, ask a doctor.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18503414
For the in vitro studies, the stratum corneum side of the skin was in contact with either the aqueous or oily commercial dispersion of microfine TiO2 (150 μl/cm^2). The dermis side was placed onto a tissue of cellulose soaked with isotonic phosphate buffered saline (PBS) of pH 7.4. Twenty-four hours after application of the dispersion, the PBS was removed from the skin with a dry paper towel. For the in vivo studies, 2 μl cm−2 of the commercial dispersions and the different formulations were applied onto the ventral side of the forearm of a healthy female volunteer. After 45 min, any dispersion or formulation that had not penetrated the skin was also removed with a paper towel. All penetration tests were performed in triplicate.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 15:38:43 UTC 2023
by
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on
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Record UNII |
15FIX9V2JP
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) |
INS-171
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CFR |
21 CFR 178.3297
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C461
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DSLD |
1166 (Number of products:1)
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Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.) |
FCN NO. 38
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
199204
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Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.) |
FCN NO. 575
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JECFA EVALUATION |
INS-171
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CFR |
21 CFR 352.20
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CFR |
21 CFR 176.170
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CFR |
21 CFR 175.210
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/05/262
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
NOT YET ASSIGNED
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Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.) |
FCN NO. 576
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CFR |
21 CFR 352.10
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
142401
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Food Contact Sustance Notif, (FCN No.) |
FCN NO. 577
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SUB12611MIG
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869
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C61975
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C009495
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DB09536
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DTXSID3021352
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1667585
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4237
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1317-80-2
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162651
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46748
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13463-67-7
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38323
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15FIX9V2JP
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TITANIUM DIOXIDE
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32234
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134438
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236-675-5
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15FIX9V2JP
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1344-29-2
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m10898
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100000092217
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CHEMBL1201136
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215-282-2
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15204
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ACTIVE MOIETY |
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