Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH.H2O |
Molecular Weight | 310.564 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.Cl.ClC1=CC=C2NC3=NC(=O)CN3CC2=C1Cl
InChI
InChIKey=YLFXXKJQBOJJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH.H2O/c11-6-1-2-7-5(9(6)12)3-15-4-8(16)14-10(15)13-7;;/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,13,14,16);1H;1H2
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456
Anagrelide is an orally active quinazinolone derivative that was originally developed as an antiplatelet drug. The drug inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) and phopholipase A2, which is thought to cause the side effects of vasodilation, positive inotropism, reduced platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders. Commonly reported side effects of anagrelide include: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea, and palpitations. Other side effects include: back pain, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and anorexia. There is a single case report, which suggests that sucralfate may interfere with anagrelide absorption. Anagrelide is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP PDE III. The effects of medicinal products with similar properties such as inotropes milrinone, enoximone, amrinone, olprinone and cilostazol may be exacerbated by anagrelide.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094125 |
36.0 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: Phopholipase A2 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456 |
|||
Target ID: P05177 Gene ID: 1544.0 Gene Symbol: CYP1A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | AGRYLIN Approved UseAnagrelide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders, to reduce the elevated platelet count and the risk of thrombosis and to ameliorate associated symptoms including thrombo-hemorrhagic events (see CLINICAL STUDIES, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Launch Date1997 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
10.28 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
28.39 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.38 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302911 |
2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ANAGRELIDE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Disc. AE: Dizziness postural, Palpitations... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Dizziness postural (6.25%) Sources: Page: p.33Palpitations (12.5%) Chest pain (6.25%) Sinus tachycardia (6.25%) Abdominal pain (6.25%) |
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Disc. AE: Headache, Diarrhea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache Sources: Page: p.4Diarrhea Edema Palpitations Abdominal pain |
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Disc. AE: Cardiotoxicity, QT interval prolonged... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Cardiotoxicity Sources: Page: p.1QT interval prolonged Ventricular tachycardia Pulmonary hypertension Bleeding |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Palpitations | 12.5% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Abdominal pain | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Chest pain | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Dizziness postural | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Sinus tachycardia | 6.25% Disc. AE |
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.33 |
unhealthy, 58 n = 16 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Age Group: 58 Sex: M+F Population Size: 16 Sources: Page: p.33 |
Abdominal pain | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Diarrhea | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Edema | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Headache | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Palpitations | Disc. AE | 1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day Sources: Page: p.4 |
unhealthy n = 942 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Population Size: 942 Sources: Page: p.4 |
Bleeding | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Cardiotoxicity | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Pulmonary hypertension | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
QT interval prolonged | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
Ventricular tachycardia | Disc. AE | 10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Thrombocythemia Sources: Page: p.1 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones as combined inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthase and cAMP phosphodiesterase. | 1992 Feb 21 |
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Inhibitors of blood platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase. 2. Structure-activity relationships associated with 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-ones substituted with functionalized side chains. | 1992 Jul 10 |
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[Treatment of essential thrombocythemia with anagrelide: a ten-year experience]. | 2002 |
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What is the standard treatment in essential thrombocythemia. | 2002 Aug |
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Essential thrombocythemia (ET): moving from palliation to cure. | 2002 Dec |
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Is the platelet lowering activity of anagrelide mediated by its major metabolite 2-amino-5,6-dichloro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (RL603)? | 2002 Jul |
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Other secondary sequelae of treatments for myeloproliferative disorders. | 2002 Jun |
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[Anagrelide-induced changes of megakaryopoiesis during therapy of chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia]. | 2002 Nov |
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Associated thrombophilic defects in essential thrombocythaemia: their relationship with clinical manifestations. | 2003 |
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Portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopy-assisted splenectomy and cholecystectomy. | 2003 Apr |
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[Recurring ischemic cerebral infarction caused by primary thrombocytosis in infancy]. | 2003 Dec 1-15 |
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New approaches to the treatment of thrombocytosis. | 2003 Feb |
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Indications for lowering platelet numbers in essential thrombocythemia. | 2003 Jan |
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Pilot study of pegylated interferon-alpha 2b in patients with essential thrombocythemia. | 2003 Jan |
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Treatment of essential thrombocythemia in childhood. | 2003 Jul-Aug |
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Anagrelide-induced bone marrow changes during therapy of chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocytosis. an immunohistochemical and morphometric study of sequential trephine biopsies. | 2003 Oct |
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Acute leukemia and myelodysplasia in patients with a Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorder treated with hydroxyurea alone or with hydroxyurea after busulphan. | 2003 Sep |
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Pharmacotherapy of essential thrombocythaemia: economic considerations. | 2003 Sep |
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Severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with anagrelide. | 2003 Sep |
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Management of the myeloproliferative disorders : distinguishing data from dogma. | 2004 |
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Treatment paradigms in the management of myeloproliferative disorders. | 2004 Apr |
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Anagrelide: an update on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. | 2004 Aug |
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Anagrelide: a decade of clinical experience with its use for the treatment of primary thrombocythaemia. | 2004 Aug |
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[Anagrelide in the treatment of thrombocythemia essential (ET)]. | 2004 Dec |
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Thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis. | 2004 Jan |
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[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of essential thrombocythemia in children]. | 2004 Jul-Sep |
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Thrombocytosis. | 2004 Jun 10 |
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Thrombocytosis. | 2004 Mar 18 |
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Essential thrombocythaemia in children: is a treatment needed? | 2004 May |
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Adverse effects and benefits of two years of anagrelide treatment for thrombocythemia in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. | 2004 May |
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A long-term study of young patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide. | 2004 Nov |
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[Unclear liver fibrosis in a 42-year-old patient with polycythemia vera]. | 2004 Nov |
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Anagrelide for thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders: a prospective study to assess efficacy and adverse event profile. | 2004 Nov 15 |
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Anagrelide treatment in 52 patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases. | 2004 Oct |
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Effects of anagrelide on platelet factor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia. | 2004 Sep |
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Anagrelide-induced visual hallucinations in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. | 2004 Sep |
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Current treatment of myelofibrosis. | 2005 Apr |
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Primary and secondary thrombocytosis in childhood. | 2005 Apr |
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Moyamoya syndrome in an adolescent with essential thrombocythemia: successful intracranial carotid stent placement. | 2005 Aug |
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PDGF-A, PDGF-B, TGFbeta, and bFGF mRNA levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide. | 2005 Feb |
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When and how to treat essential thrombocythemia. | 2005 Jul 7 |
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Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia. | 2005 Jul 7 |
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Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods. | 2005 Jun |
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Management of patients with polycythaemia vera: results of a survey among Swedish haematologists. | 2005 Jun |
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Anagrelide: analysis of long-term efficacy, safety and leukemogenic potential in myeloproliferative disorders. | 2005 May |
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Renal tubular injury associated with anagrelide use. | 2005 May |
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Anagrelide does not exert a myelodysplastic effect on megakaryopoiesis: a comparative immunohistochemical and morphometric study with hydroxyurea. | 2005 Oct |
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Successful outcome with anagrelide in pregnancy. | 2005 Oct |
|
Risk-adapted therapy in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. | 2005 Sep |
|
'Double hit' from streptococcal pneumonia and hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with anagrelide. | 2006 Feb |
Sample Use Guides
0.5 mg qid or 1 mg bid (2 capsules of 0.5 mg twice a day) for at least one week
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2456068
Anagrelide was studied as an inhibitor of PDE fractions I, II and III separated from each other from rabbit heart supernatant. Anagrelide did not inhibit PDE I or II except at a concentration of 10(-4) M where inhibition of 33 and 39%, respectively, was noted. As expected, anagrelide inhibited PDE fraction III with a dose-response curve that was closely similar to that seen in the human platelet preparation. The IC50 for inhibition of the rabbit heart PDE fraction III was 7 x 10(-8) M.
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EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS |
XAGRID (AUTHORIZED: THROMBOCYTHEMIA, ESSENTIAL)
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD