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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH.H2O
Molecular Weight 310.564
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

O.Cl.ClC1=CC=C2NC3=NC(=O)CN3CC2=C1Cl

InChI

InChIKey=YLFXXKJQBOJJIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH.H2O/c11-6-1-2-7-5(9(6)12)3-15-4-8(16)14-10(15)13-7;;/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,13,14,16);1H;1H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456

Anagrelide is an orally active quinazinolone derivative that was originally developed as an antiplatelet drug. The drug inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) and phopholipase A2, which is thought to cause the side effects of vasodilation, positive inotropism, reduced platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders. Commonly reported side effects of anagrelide include: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea, and palpitations. Other side effects include: back pain, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and anorexia. There is a single case report, which suggests that sucralfate may interfere with anagrelide absorption. Anagrelide is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP PDE III. The effects of medicinal products with similar properties such as inotropes milrinone, enoximone, amrinone, olprinone and cilostazol may be exacerbated by anagrelide.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
36.0 nM [IC50]
Target ID: P05177
Gene ID: 1544.0
Gene Symbol: CYP1A2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
AGRYLIN

Approved Use

Anagrelide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders, to reduce the elevated platelet count and the risk of thrombosis and to ameliorate associated symptoms including thrombo-hemorrhagic events (see CLINICAL STUDIES, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Launch Date

1997
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.28 ng/mL
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
28.39 ng × h/mL
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.38 h
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Disc. AE: Dizziness postural, Palpitations...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Dizziness postural (6.25%)
Palpitations (12.5%)
Chest pain (6.25%)
Sinus tachycardia (6.25%)
Abdominal pain (6.25%)
Sources: Page: p.33
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Disc. AE: Headache, Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Headache
Diarrhea
Edema
Palpitations
Abdominal pain
Sources: Page: p.4
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Cardiotoxicity, QT interval prolonged...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Cardiotoxicity
QT interval prolonged
Ventricular tachycardia
Pulmonary hypertension
Bleeding
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Palpitations 12.5%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Abdominal pain 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Chest pain 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Dizziness postural 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Sinus tachycardia 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Abdominal pain Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Diarrhea Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Edema Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Headache Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Palpitations Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Bleeding Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Cardiotoxicity Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Pulmonary hypertension Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
QT interval prolonged Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Ventricular tachycardia Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones as combined inhibitors of thromboxane A2 synthase and cAMP phosphodiesterase.
1992 Feb 21
Inhibitors of blood platelet cAMP phosphodiesterase. 2. Structure-activity relationships associated with 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinolin-2-ones substituted with functionalized side chains.
1992 Jul 10
[Treatment of essential thrombocythemia with anagrelide: a ten-year experience].
2002
What is the standard treatment in essential thrombocythemia.
2002 Aug
Essential thrombocythemia (ET): moving from palliation to cure.
2002 Dec
Is the platelet lowering activity of anagrelide mediated by its major metabolite 2-amino-5,6-dichloro-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (RL603)?
2002 Jul
Other secondary sequelae of treatments for myeloproliferative disorders.
2002 Jun
[Anagrelide-induced changes of megakaryopoiesis during therapy of chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia].
2002 Nov
Associated thrombophilic defects in essential thrombocythaemia: their relationship with clinical manifestations.
2003
Portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopy-assisted splenectomy and cholecystectomy.
2003 Apr
[Recurring ischemic cerebral infarction caused by primary thrombocytosis in infancy].
2003 Dec 1-15
New approaches to the treatment of thrombocytosis.
2003 Feb
Indications for lowering platelet numbers in essential thrombocythemia.
2003 Jan
Pilot study of pegylated interferon-alpha 2b in patients with essential thrombocythemia.
2003 Jan
Treatment of essential thrombocythemia in childhood.
2003 Jul-Aug
Anagrelide-induced bone marrow changes during therapy of chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocytosis. an immunohistochemical and morphometric study of sequential trephine biopsies.
2003 Oct
Acute leukemia and myelodysplasia in patients with a Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorder treated with hydroxyurea alone or with hydroxyurea after busulphan.
2003 Sep
Pharmacotherapy of essential thrombocythaemia: economic considerations.
2003 Sep
Severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with anagrelide.
2003 Sep
Management of the myeloproliferative disorders : distinguishing data from dogma.
2004
Treatment paradigms in the management of myeloproliferative disorders.
2004 Apr
Anagrelide: an update on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
2004 Aug
Anagrelide: a decade of clinical experience with its use for the treatment of primary thrombocythaemia.
2004 Aug
[Anagrelide in the treatment of thrombocythemia essential (ET)].
2004 Dec
Thalidomide for the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis.
2004 Jan
[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of essential thrombocythemia in children].
2004 Jul-Sep
Thrombocytosis.
2004 Jun 10
Thrombocytosis.
2004 Mar 18
Essential thrombocythaemia in children: is a treatment needed?
2004 May
Adverse effects and benefits of two years of anagrelide treatment for thrombocythemia in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
2004 May
A long-term study of young patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide.
2004 Nov
[Unclear liver fibrosis in a 42-year-old patient with polycythemia vera].
2004 Nov
Anagrelide for thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders: a prospective study to assess efficacy and adverse event profile.
2004 Nov 15
Anagrelide treatment in 52 patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases.
2004 Oct
Effects of anagrelide on platelet factor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Sep
Anagrelide-induced visual hallucinations in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Sep
Current treatment of myelofibrosis.
2005 Apr
Primary and secondary thrombocytosis in childhood.
2005 Apr
Moyamoya syndrome in an adolescent with essential thrombocythemia: successful intracranial carotid stent placement.
2005 Aug
PDGF-A, PDGF-B, TGFbeta, and bFGF mRNA levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide.
2005 Feb
When and how to treat essential thrombocythemia.
2005 Jul 7
Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia.
2005 Jul 7
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Management of patients with polycythaemia vera: results of a survey among Swedish haematologists.
2005 Jun
Anagrelide: analysis of long-term efficacy, safety and leukemogenic potential in myeloproliferative disorders.
2005 May
Renal tubular injury associated with anagrelide use.
2005 May
Anagrelide does not exert a myelodysplastic effect on megakaryopoiesis: a comparative immunohistochemical and morphometric study with hydroxyurea.
2005 Oct
Successful outcome with anagrelide in pregnancy.
2005 Oct
Risk-adapted therapy in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera.
2005 Sep
'Double hit' from streptococcal pneumonia and hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with anagrelide.
2006 Feb
Patents

Sample Use Guides

0.5 mg qid or 1 mg bid (2 capsules of 0.5 mg twice a day) for at least one week
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Anagrelide was studied as an inhibitor of PDE fractions I, II and III separated from each other from rabbit heart supernatant. Anagrelide did not inhibit PDE I or II except at a concentration of 10(-4) M where inhibition of 33 and 39%, respectively, was noted. As expected, anagrelide inhibited PDE fraction III with a dose-response curve that was closely similar to that seen in the human platelet preparation. The IC50 for inhibition of the rabbit heart PDE fraction III was 7 x 10(-8) M.
Name Type Language
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
Preferred Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
USP  
Official Name English
IMIDAZO(2,1-B)QUINAZOLIN-2(3H)-ONE, 6,7-DICHLORO-1,5-DIHYDRO-, HYDROCHLORIDE, HYDRATE (1:1:1)
Systematic Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
AGRYLIN
Brand Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
IMIDAZO(2,1-B)QUINAZOLIN-2(3H)-ONE, 6,7-DICHLORO-1,5-DIHYDRO-, MONOHYDROCHLORIDE, MONOHYDRATE
Common Name English
XAGRID
Brand Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP-RS]
Common Name English
6,7-DICHLORO-1,5-DIHYDROIMIDAZO(2,1-B)QUINAZOLIN-2(3H)-ONE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
Systematic Name English
BMY-26538-01
Code English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE HYDRATE [JAN]
Common Name English
THROMBOREDUCTIN
Brand Name English
Anagrelide hydrochloride monohydrate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE [MI]
Common Name English
BL-4162A
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS XAGRID (AUTHORIZED: THROMBOCYTHEMIA, ESSENTIAL)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000137355
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
135565321
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
YTM763Y5C8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1034738
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
823178-43-4
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C183131
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB75321
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
YTM763Y5C8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 20:13:29 GMT 2023
PRIMARY