MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	Mg.O2
Molecular Weight	56.3038
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[Mg++].[O-][O-]

InChI

InChIKey=SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/Mg.O2/c;1-2/q+2;-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209305s000lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29147868 | https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details | https://www.drugs.com/otc/hydrogen-peroxide.html

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in medicine for more than 100 years. It is known in surgery as a highly useful irrigation solution by virtue of both its hemostatic and its antimicrobial effects. Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). This product works by releasing oxygen when it is applied to the affected area. The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
oxidoreductase activity 4 Target ID: GO:0016491 Sources: http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Modulator 828
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 7 Target ID: O94759 Gene ID: 7226.0 Gene Symbol: TRPM2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512294 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11960981 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302683	Agonist 2678		4.54 null [pEC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Seborrheic keratoses 4 Sources: https://www.centerwatch.com/drug-information/fda-approved-drugs/drug/100242/eskata-hydrogen-peroxide http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800039206	Primary	Approved 8429	ESKATA Approved Use ESKATA is indicated for the treatment of seborrheic keratoses that are raised. Launch Date 2017
Skin infections 59 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Preventing	Approved 8429	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Uses of Hydrogen Peroxide Solution: It is used to prevent skin infections. It is used to help get rid of phlegm or mucus or help with a sore mouth.
Gingivitis 44 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydrogen-peroxide-solution.html https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-76035/hydrogen-peroxide/details	Primary	Approved 8429	Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Approved Use Hydrogen peroxide is a mild antiseptic used on the skin to prevent infection of minor cuts, scrapes, and burns. It may also be used as a mouth rinse to help remove mucus or to relieve minor mouth irritation (e.g., due to canker/cold sores, gingivitis). Launch Date 1982

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Simultaneous measurement of ERK, p38, and JNK MAP kinase cascades in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2000 Sep-Oct	11325585
Mitochondrial-derived oxidants and quartz activation of chemokine gene expression.	2001	11764986
Repression of GADD153/CHOP by NF-kappaB: a possible cellular defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death.	2001 Apr 19	11360202
Manganese superoxide dismutase signals matrix metalloproteinase expression via H2O2-dependent ERK1/2 activation.	2001 Apr 27	11297530
Reactive carbonyl formation by oxidative and non-oxidative pathways.	2001 Aug 1	11487471
Thioredoxin peroxidase-1 (peroxiredoxin-1) is increased in thioredoxin-1 transfected cells and results in enhanced protection against apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide but not by other agents including dexamethasone, etoposide, and doxorubicin.	2001 Aug 1	11469800
DJ-1 is an indicator for endogenous reactive oxygen species elicited by endotoxin.	2001 Dec	11811539
Transcriptional induction of MKP-1 in response to stress is associated with histone H3 phosphorylation-acetylation.	2001 Dec	11689710
NF kappa B and AP-1 mediate transcriptional responses to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells.	2001 Dec 1	11728812
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein by the oxidative stressor arsenite.	2001 Dec 21	11641398
Chromium chloride inhibits oxidative stress and TNF-alpha secretion caused by exposure to high glucose in cultured U937 monocytes.	2001 Dec 7	11726202
Characterization of a stellate cell activation-associated protein (STAP) with peroxidase activity found in rat hepatic stellate cells.	2001 Jul 6	11320098
Cytokine mRNA profiles in cultured human skin component cells exposed to various chemicals: a simulation model of epicutaneous stimuli induced by skin barrier perturbation in comparison with that due to exposure to haptens or irritant.	2001 Jun	11378323
Repression of phenobarbital-dependent CYP2B1 mRNA induction by reactive oxygen species in primary rat hepatocyte cultures.	2001 Jun	11353799
Activation of NFkappaB and MnSOD gene expression by free radical scavengers in human microvascular endothelial cells.	2001 Jun 15	11390188
Human alveolar macrophages and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced monocyte-derived macrophages are resistant to H2O2 via their high basal and inducible levels of catalase activity.	2001 Jun 29	11313354
Proteasome inhibition in oxidative stress neurotoxicity: implications for heat shock proteins.	2001 May	11359866
The influence of oxidative stress on catalase and MnSOD gene transcription in astrocytes.	2001 May 4	11325355
p38 MAP kinase mediates stress-induced leukotriene synthesis in a human B-lymphocyte cell line.	2001 Nov	11698504
Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein.	2001 Nov 30	11579088
Phosphorylation is involved in the activation of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 in response to metal ions.	2001 Nov 9	11551972
Induction of endothelin-1 expression by oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.	2001 Nov-Dec	11755377
Reactive oxygen species mediate cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 gene expression via Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in endothelial cells.	2001 Oct	11603923
Acetaminophen induces apoptosis of C6 glioma cells by activating the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase-related cell death pathway.	2001 Oct	11562448
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase mediates oxidative and excitotoxic neuronal death.	2001 Oct 9	11593040
Role of reactive oxygen species and NAD(P)H oxidase in alpha(1)-adrenoceptor signaling in adult rat cardiac myocytes.	2002 Apr	11880281
High glucose stimulates angiotensinogen gene expression via reactive oxygen species generation in rat kidney proximal tubular cells.	2002 Aug	12130563
Copper uptake is required for pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-mediated oxidation and protein level increase of p53 in cells.	2002 Aug 1	11964141
An in vitro model of Parkinson's disease: linking mitochondrial impairment to altered alpha-synuclein metabolism and oxidative damage.	2002 Aug 15	12177198
Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth.	2002 Feb 15	11861405
Expression of caveolin-1 induces premature cellular senescence in primary cultures of murine fibroblasts.	2002 Jul	12134086
Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929.	2002 Jul 15	12083801
D-penicillamine cooperates with copper sulfate to enhance the surface expression of functional Fas antigen in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts via the generation of hydrogen peroxide.	2002 Jul-Aug	12175101
Menadione biphasically controls JNK-linked cell death in leukemia Jurkat T cells.	2002 Jun	12215205
Cellular stresses profoundly inhibit protein synthesis and modulate the states of phosphorylation of multiple translation factors.	2002 Jun	12071973
Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts.	2002 Jun 19	12067712
Reversible inactivation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by H2O2.	2002 Jun 7	11916965
Signals of oxidant-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy: key activation of p70 S6 kinase-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.	2002 Mar	11861821
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: the key to sex-related xenobiotic toxicity in hepatocytes of European flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)?	2002 Mar	11856576
Protein overload-induced NF-kappaB activation in proximal tubular cells requires H(2)O(2) through a PKC-dependent pathway.	2002 May	11961005
Expression of rat liver glutathione-S-transferase GSTA5 in cell lines provides increased resistance to alkylating agents and toxic aldehydes.	2002 May 20	12076520
Differential expression of two stress-inducible hsp70 genes by various stressors.	2002 May 31	12085988
Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis: implications in cardiotoxicity.	2002 May-Jun	12162424
Mechanisms of the genotoxicity of crocidolite asbestos in mammalian cells: implication from mutation patterns induced by reactive oxygen species.	2002 Oct	12361925
Reactive oxygen species stimulated human hepatoma cell proliferation via cross-talk between PI3-K/PKB and JNK signaling pathways.	2002 Oct 15	12361705
Metalloenzyme-like activity of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid. Cu-dependent catalytic conversion of dopamine, cholesterol, and biological reducing agents to neurotoxic H(2)O(2).	2002 Oct 25	12192006
Is calcineurin a peroxide-specific sensor in T-lymphocytes?	2002 Sep	12203019
Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin.	2002 Sep 26	12065085
Molecular inhibitory mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium.	2002 Sep 30	12204541
The antioxidant cocktail effective microorganism X (EM-X) inhibits oxidant-induced interleukin-8 release and the peroxidation of phospholipids in vitro.	2002 Sep 6	12207893

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Topical solution: 40% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide. Apply 4 times, approximately 1 minute apart, to the targeted lesion(s) during a single in-office treatment session.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the activity of recombinant mouse 3-MST enzyme. In mitochondria isolated from murine hepatoma cells, H2O2 (50-500 uM) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in production of H2S from 3-MP. In cultured murine hepatoma cells H2O2, (3-100 uM), did not result in overall cytotoxicity, but caused a partial decrease in basal oxygen consumption and respiratory reserve rapacity. The positive bioenergetic effect of 3-MP (100-300 nM) was completely abolished by pre-treatment of the cells with H2O2 (50 uM).

Name

Type

Language

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE

Official Name

English

MAGNESIUM PERHYDROL

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM DIOXIDE

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE [INCI]

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE (MG(O2))

Systematic Name

English

DRILLOX M

Brand Name

English

MAGNESIUM SUPEROXOL

Brand Name

English

MAGNESIUM PEROXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QA02AA03