| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C7H15NO3 |
| Molecular Weight | 161.1989 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 2 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)CC([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=PHIQHXFUZVPYII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3
L-carnitine (L-beta-hydroxy-gamma-N,N,N-trimethylaminobutyric acid) is conditionally necessary for mitochondrial transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, and thus for myocardial energetic metabolism. D-carnitine is not biologically active and might interfere with proper utilization of the L isomer, and so there are claims that the racemic mixture (DL-carnitine) should be avoided. The pharmacological effects of carnitine are stereospecific: L-carnitine was effective in various animal and clinical studies, while D- and DL-carnitine was found to be ineffective or even toxic to some cells and tissues, such as muscle cells and the myocardium. DL-carnitine caused symptoms of myasthenia and cardiac arrhythmias, which disappeared after L-carnitine administration.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Patents
Sample Use Guides
in rat: supplemented with dl-carnitine (DLC) (1.2 mmol . kg-1. d-1)
Route of Administration:
Oral
Using rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations indirectly and directly stimulated with high rate pulses, D-carnitine (30 and 60 micro M), L-carnitine (60 micro M) and DL-carnitine (60 micro M) were shown to induce tetanic fade (D-carnitine = 19.7 +/- 3.1%, N = 6; L-carnitine = 16.6 +/- 2.4%, N = 6; DL-carnitine = 14.9 +/- 2.1%, N = 6) without any reduction of maximal tetanic tension. It was shown, that tetanic fade induced by L- and DL-carnitine was antagonized by choline (60 micro M).
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
