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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C15H12N3O4S.K
Molecular Weight 369.437
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PIROXICAM POTASSIUM

SMILES

[K+].CN1C(C(=O)NC2=CC=CC=N2)=C([O-])C3=CC=CC=C3S1(=O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=YHKAIXSBBISJNM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C15H13N3O4S.K/c1-18-13(15(20)17-12-8-4-5-9-16-12)14(19)10-6-2-3-7-11(10)23(18,21)22;/h2-9,19H,1H3,(H,16,17,20);/q;+1/p-1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.com/en-us/feldene

Piroxicam is in a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It was originally brought to market by Pfizer under the tradename Feldene in 1980, became generic in 1992, and is marketed worldwide under many brandnames. Piroxicam works by reducing hormones that cause inflammation and pain in the body. Piroxicam is used to reduce the pain, inflammation, and stiffness caused by rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The antiinflammatory effect of Piroxicam may result from the reversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase, causing the peripheral inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The prostaglandins are produced by an enzyme called Cox-1. Piroxicam blocks the Cox-1 enzyme, resulting into the disruption of production of prostaglandins. Piroxicam also inhibits the migration of leukocytes into sites of inflammation and prevents the formation of thromboxane A2, an aggregating agent, by the platelets. Piroxicam is used for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Originator

Curator's Comment: originally brought to market by Pfizer under the tradename Feldene in 1980 # Pfizer

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P04040
Gene ID: 847.0
Gene Symbol: CAT
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
0.414 mM [IC50]
4.4 µM [IC50]
70.0 µM [IC50]
73.8 µM [IC50]
7.0 µM [IC50]
1.3 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
FELDENE

Approved Use

FELDENE is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for Relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) Relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Launch Date

1982
Primary
FELDENE

Approved Use

FELDENE is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indicated for Relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) Relief of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Launch Date

1982
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2.3 μg/mL
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PIROXICAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
135.8 μg × h/mL
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PIROXICAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
40.5 h
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PIROXICAM plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Disc. AE: Chest pain, Rash...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Chest pain (0.74%)
Rash (0.74%)
Vomiting (0.74%)
Exanthema (0.74%)
Injection site pain (0.74%)
Sources: Page: p.260
1800 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1800 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 1800 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 54
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Arthralgia
Age Group: 54
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Disc. AE: Nausea, Abdominal pain...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
Sources:
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Disc. AE: Gastrointestinal disorders, Haemorrhage of digestive tract...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Gastrointestinal disorders (2.6%)
Haemorrhage of digestive tract (0.85%)
Headache (0.85%)
Oedema (0.85%)
Pruritus (0.85%)
Erythema facial (0.85%)
Sources: Page: p.158
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.233
unhealthy, >40
n = 40
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: >40
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 40
Sources: Page: p.233
Disc. AE: Epigastric discomfort, Diarrhoea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Epigastric discomfort (2.5%)
Diarrhoea (2.5%)
Loose stools (2.5%)
Sources: Page: p.233
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Cardiac thrombosis, Myocardial infarction...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Cardiac thrombosis (grade 3-5)
Myocardial infarction (grade 3-5)
Stroke (grade 3-5)
Gastrointestinal disorder NOS (serious)
Bleeding (serious)
Ulceration (serious)
Perforation stomach (grade 3-5)
Perforation of intestine (grade 3-5)
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Chest pain 0.74%
Disc. AE
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Exanthema 0.74%
Disc. AE
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Injection site pain 0.74%
Disc. AE
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Rash 0.74%
Disc. AE
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Vomiting 0.74%
Disc. AE
40 mg 1 times / day multiple, intramuscular
Highest studied dose
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Route: intramuscular
Route: multiple
Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.260
unhealthy, 19 -74
n = 135
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Acute sprains|Tendinitis| Low back pain
Age Group: 19 -74
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 135
Sources: Page: p.260
Abdominal pain Disc. AE
1800 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1800 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 1800 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 54
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Arthralgia
Age Group: 54
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Duodenal ulcer Disc. AE
1800 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1800 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 1800 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 54
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Arthralgia
Age Group: 54
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Gastric ulcer Disc. AE
1800 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1800 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 1800 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 54
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Arthralgia
Age Group: 54
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Nausea Disc. AE
1800 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 1800 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 1800 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 54
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Arthralgia
Age Group: 54
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Erythema facial 0.85%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Haemorrhage of digestive tract 0.85%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Headache 0.85%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Oedema 0.85%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Pruritus 0.85%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Gastrointestinal disorders 2.6%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.158
unhealthy, 59.7+/-7.4
n = 117
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: 59.7+/-7.4
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 117
Sources: Page: p.158
Diarrhoea 2.5%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.233
unhealthy, >40
n = 40
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: >40
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 40
Sources: Page: p.233
Epigastric discomfort 2.5%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.233
unhealthy, >40
n = 40
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: >40
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 40
Sources: Page: p.233
Loose stools 2.5%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.233
unhealthy, >40
n = 40
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis
Age Group: >40
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 40
Sources: Page: p.233
Cardiac thrombosis grade 3-5
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Myocardial infarction grade 3-5
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Perforation of intestine grade 3-5
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Perforation stomach grade 3-5
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Stroke grade 3-5
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Bleeding serious
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Gastrointestinal disorder NOS serious
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Ulceration serious
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Osteoarthritis|Rheumatoid arthritis
Sources: Page: p.1
Overview

Overview

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer





Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
major
yes (pharmacogenomic study)
Comment: Higher systemic exposure of piroxicam has been noted in subjects with CYP2C9 polymorphisms compared to normal metabolizer type subject
yes
Tox targets

Tox targets

PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
A double-blind multicentre trial of piroxicam and naproxen in osteoarthritis.
1986 Jan
Piroxicam in acute musculoskeletal disorders and sport injuries.
1987
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: assessment of risks.
1987
[Fatal autoimmune hemolytic anemia probably induced by treatment with piroxicam].
1988 Mar 7
[Acute hemolytic anemia and hepatonephritis caused by piroxicam].
1988 Oct-Dec
Piroxicam-induced renal failure following relief of chronic retention.
1989 Apr
Aplastic anaemia associated with piroxicam.
1991 Feb
Zidovudine-induced macular edema.
1991 Feb 15
Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of fepradinol.
1994 Jan
Antiinflammatory 4,5-diarylpyrroles. 2. Activity as a function of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.
1995 Sep 29
Differential effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on constitutive and inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase in cultured bone cells.
1997 Aug
Piroxicam and acarbose as chemopreventive agents for spontaneous intestinal adenomas in APC gene 1309 knockout mice.
1998 Apr
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance glutathione S-transferase theta levels in rat colon.
1998 Aug 24
Transport of ochratoxin A by renal multispecific organic anion transporter 1.
1999 Jun
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flufenamic acid, inhibits the expression of the androgen receptor in LNCaP cells.
1999 Nov
Chemoprevention of vinyl carbamate-induced lung tumors in strain A mice.
2000 Dec
Retrospective analysis of drug-induced urticaria and angioedema: a survey of 2287 patients.
2001 Nov
Polymorphic variants (CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C9*5) and the F114L active site mutation of CYP2C9: effect on atypical kinetic metabolism profiles.
2002 Apr
[Acute hepatic and renal failure due to piroxicam use].
2002 Mar
The clinical efficacy of piroxicam fast-dissolving dosage form for postoperative pain control after simple lumbar spine surgery: a double-blinded randomized study.
2002 Mar 1
Protective role of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in burn-induced intestinal and liver damage.
2002 May
Structure-function relationship and role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme in the down-regulation of L-selectin by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
2002 Oct 11
Altered expression of c-myc, p16 and p27 in rat colon tumors and its reversal by short-term treatment with chemopreventive agents.
2002 Sep
Essential requirements for substrate binding affinity and selectivity toward human CYP2 family enzymes.
2003 Jan 1
Effects of celecoxib on acid-challenged gastric mucosa of rats: comparison with metamizol and piroxicam.
2004 Jun
Mechanisms of protection by pantoprazole against NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage.
2005 Jul
Apoptotic efficacy and inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on matrix metalloproteinase.
2005 Jul
Comparison of developmental toxicity of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in CRL:(WI)WUBR Wistar rats--DFU and piroxicam study.
2005 Jul 1
Lansoprazole prevents experimental gastric injury induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs through a reduction of mucosal oxidative damage.
2005 Jul 14
Direct binding of Cu(II)-complexes of oxicam NSAIDs with DNA backbone.
2006 Aug
Genetic susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related gastroduodenal bleeding: role of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms.
2007 Aug
In silico prediction of pregnane X receptor activators by machine learning approaches.
2007 Jan
Antirheumatic drug response signatures in human chondrocytes: potential molecular targets to stimulate cartilage regeneration.
2009
Lack of effect of naltrindole on the spinal synergism of morphine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
2009 Jun
Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitor treatment on the renal toxicity of cisplatin in rats.
2010 Feb
The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on behavioural changes and cytokine production following systemic inflammation: Implications for a role of COX-1.
2010 Mar
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Recommended dose: 20 mg orally once a day
Route of Administration: Oral
Contractions induced by bradykinin in guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle strips were significantly attenuated by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor piroxicam (10 muM).
Name Type Language
PIROXICAM POTASSIUM
WHO-DD  
Common Name English
PIROXICAM POTASSIUM SALT
Common Name English
PIROXICAM MONOPOTASSIUM
Common Name English
2H-1,2-BENZOTHIAZINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-N-2-PYRIDINYL-, 1,1-DIOXIDE, POTASSIUM SALT (1:1)
Systematic Name English
2H-1,2-BENZOTHIAZINE-3-CARBOXAMIDE, 4-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-N-2-PYRIDINYL-, 1,1-DIOXIDE, MONOPOTASSIUM SALT
Systematic Name English
Piroxicam potassium [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
S5XT2DB4P6
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000166615
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
164727-04-2
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB180790
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
86278276
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:50 GMT 2023
PRIMARY