ACONITIC ACID

Description
Sources: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/SCOGS/ucm260845.htm
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: http://www.drugfuture.com/chemdata/Aconitic-Acid.html http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7.xml

Aconitic Acid found in leaves and tubers of Aconitum napellus L., Ranunculaceae, in various species of Achillea (Compositae) and Equisetum (Equisetaceae), in beet root, and in sugar cane. It is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms of chronic illness including fatigue, effects of toxin buildup, slowed metabolism, weakened constitution. The limited data on trans-aconitic acid indicate it to be less toxic than citric acid. Trans-aconitate salts appear to be excreted readily by the kidneys. There is no direct evidence that trans-aconitic acid is utilized as is the cis-aconitic acid isomer in mammalian metabolism although non-specific oxidation probably occurs.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Glutamine synthetase 29 Target ID: CHEMBL4612 Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/924365	Inhibitor 8504
response to oxidative stress 20 Target ID: GO:0006979 Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507497	Modulator 846	70.0 mM [IC50]
aconitate decarboxylase 1 5 Target ID: 730249.0 Gene Symbol: ACOD1 Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872335 \| http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:4.1.1.6	Substrate 661
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase 7 Target ID: P21399 Gene ID: 48.0 Gene Symbol: ACO1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18139222 \| http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:4.2.1.3	Substrate 661
Leishmania donovani 13 Target ID: CHEMBL367 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8285634 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2597432	Inhibitor 8504
Aconitase 5 Target ID: Aconitase Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2597432 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087696	Inhibitor 8504

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Fatigue 46 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7.xml	Palliative	Approved 8583	IMMUNO-BOOST Approved Use GRAS. Homeopathic drug is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms of chronic illness including fatigue, effects of toxin buildup, slowed metabolism, weakened constitution.
Toxin buildup 5 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7.xml	Palliative	Approved 8583	IMMUNO-BOOST Approved Use GRAS. Homeopathic drug is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms of chronic illness including fatigue, effects of toxin buildup, slowed metabolism, weakened constitution.
Slowed metabolism 5 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/spl/data/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7/c8b036c1-1366-4707-8f26-5778fc3335b7.xml	Palliative	Approved 8583	IMMUNO-BOOST Approved Use GRAS. Homeopathic drug is indicated for the temporary relief of symptoms of chronic illness including fatigue, effects of toxin buildup, slowed metabolism, weakened constitution.

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
			inhibitor 2217

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 2263	inhibitor 2237 Sources: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/376#sid=10320870

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Characterization of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) 1a1 and 1a4 null mice reveals altered transport function and urinary metabolomic profiles.	2011-08	21561886
Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population.	2003-12	14708889
Charge modification of plasma and milk proteins results in antiviral active compounds.	1999-12	10628656
Lactoferrin. Antiviral activity of lactoferrin.	1998	9781360
Abnormal substrate levels that depend upon mitochondrial function in cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer patients.	1998	9693263
Antiviral effects of milk proteins: acylation results in polyanionic compounds with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in vitro.	1996-06-10	8738428
Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population.	1994-06	8087979
Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid in Rett syndrome.	1994-01	8151077
Fatal lactic acidosis in a newborn attributable to a congenital defect of pyruvate dehydrogenase.	1976-01	813176

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

10 drops under the tongue, 3 to 6 times per day

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

10-30 ug/ml of trans-aconitic acid inhibits TNF-α release in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells up to75%

Name

Type

Language

FEMA NO. 2010

Preferred Name

English

ACONITIC ACID

Common Name

English

ACONITIC ACID [FCC]

Common Name

English

CITRIDIC ACID

Common Name

English

PROPENE-1,2,3-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID

Common Name

English

1,2,3-PROPENETRICARBOXYLIC ACID

Common Name

English

NSC-7616

Code

English

1-PROPENE-1,2,3-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID

Common Name

English

ACONITIC ACID [HSDB]

Common Name

English

ACONITIC ACID [MI]

Common Name

English

ACHILLEIC ACID

Common Name

English

ACONITATE

Common Name

English

EQUISETIC ACID

Common Name

English

ACONITIC ACID [FHFI]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

43622-0