U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C18H21NO3
Molecular Weight 299.3642
Optical Activity ( - )
Defined Stereocenters 4 / 4
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of HYDROCODONE

SMILES

[H][C@@]12OC3=C(OC)C=CC4=C3[C@@]15CCN(C)[C@H](C4)[C@]5([H])CCC2=O

InChI

InChIKey=LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H21NO3/c1-19-8-7-18-11-4-5-13(20)17(18)22-16-14(21-2)6-3-10(15(16)18)9-12(11)19/h3,6,11-12,17H,4-5,7-9H2,1-2H3/t11-,12+,17-,18-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Benzhydrocodone is a prodrug of hydrocodone. Benzhydrocodone is formed by covalently bonding hydrocodone to benzoic acid. Benzhydrocodone itself is not pharmacologically active, but must be metabolized to hydrocodone by enzymes in the intestinal tract to optimally deliver its pharmacologic effects. Hydrocodone is a full agonist of the opioid receptors with a higher affinity for the mu-opioid receptor. Upon binding, hydrocodone produces an analgesic effect with no ceiling. APADAZ a combination of benzhydrocodone and acetaminophen is FDA approved and indicated for the short-term (no more than 14 days) management of acute pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. APADAZ, even when taken as recommended, can result in addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death.

Approval Year

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ZOHYDRO ER

Approved Use

ZOHYDRO ER is an opioid agonist indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Launch Date

1.38257275E12
Primary
APADAZ

Approved Use

APADAZ is a combination of benzhydrocodone, a prodrug of the opioid agonist hydrocodone, and acetaminophen, and is indicated for the short-term (no more than 14 days) management of acute pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate.

Launch Date

1.54647357E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.1 ng/mL
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
23.6 ng/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
155 ng × h/mL
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.2 h
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
4 h
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
55%
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
HYDROCODONE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
30 mg multiple, oral (total)
Overdose
Dose: 30 mg
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 30 mg
Co-administed with::
clarithromycin
valproic acid(250 mg, 2 times per day)
Sources:
unhealthy, 5 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: cold
Age Group: 5 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Other AEs: Adverse event...
Other AEs:
Adverse event (grade 5)
Sources:
160 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
unhealthy, adult
Other AEs: Electrocardiogram QTc interval prolonged...
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
pregnant, adult
Health Status: pregnant
Age Group: adult
Sex: F
Sources:
Other AEs: Withdrawal syndrome neonatal...
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Other AEs: Respiratory depression, Addiction...
Other AEs:
Respiratory depression (grade 5)
Addiction
Sources:
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 115
unhealthy, adult
n = 296
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 296
Sources: Page: p. 115
Disc. AE: Vomiting, Nausea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Vomiting (1%)
Nausea (1%)
Headache (1%)
Dizziness (1%)
Sources: Page: p. 115
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Adverse event grade 5
30 mg multiple, oral (total)
Overdose
Dose: 30 mg
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 30 mg
Co-administed with::
clarithromycin
valproic acid(250 mg, 2 times per day)
Sources:
unhealthy, 5 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: cold
Age Group: 5 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Electrocardiogram QTc interval prolonged
160 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
unhealthy, adult
Withdrawal syndrome neonatal
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
pregnant, adult
Health Status: pregnant
Age Group: adult
Sex: F
Sources:
Addiction
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Respiratory depression grade 5
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Dizziness 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 115
unhealthy, adult
n = 296
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 296
Sources: Page: p. 115
Headache 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 115
unhealthy, adult
n = 296
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 296
Sources: Page: p. 115
Nausea 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 115
unhealthy, adult
n = 296
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 296
Sources: Page: p. 115
Vomiting 1%
Disc. AE
20 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 115
unhealthy, adult
n = 296
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: adult
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 296
Sources: Page: p. 115
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG



OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer


Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
minor
minor
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: The 90% confidence interval (CI) of the geometric means for hydrocodone AUCinf (98 to 115%), AUCt (98 to 115%), and Cmax (93 to 121%) values were within the range of 80 to 125% when a single dose of HYSINGLA ER 20 mg was co-administered with CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: Co-administration of HYSINGLA ER and CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole increased mean hydrocodone AUC and Cmax by 135% and 78%, respectively;
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
[Longitudinal study of parameters of respiratory function tests and blood gas analysis in patients with progressive systemic scleroderma].
2001
Opioid formulations: tailoring to the needs in chronic pain.
2001
Do gender and race affect decisions about pain management?
2001 Apr
Psychosis after ultrarapid opiate detoxification.
2001 Jun
Narcotic analgesics for dental pain: available products, strengths, and formulations.
2001 Mar-Apr
[Learning from experience. Analysis of claims submitted to the National Commission of Medical Arbitration].
2001 Sep-Oct
Complications of intranasal prescription narcotic abuse.
2002 Feb
Esophageal cancer and the esophagus: challenges and potential strategies for selective cytoprotection of the tumor-bearing organ during cancer treatment.
2002 Jan
Combination hydrocodone and ibuprofen versus combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of moderate or severe acute low back pain.
2002 Jan
The effectiveness of an anesthetic continuous-infusion device on postoperative pain control.
2002 Jan
Synthesis and biological activity of 8beta-substituted hydrocodone indole and hydromorphone indole derivatives.
2002 Jan 21
Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus and high grade dysplasia: results of a patient satisfaction survey.
2002 Jul-Aug
Simultaneous determination of hydrocodone and hydromorphone in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.
2002 Mar 25
Gender differences in narcotic-induced emesis in the ED.
2002 May
A field evaluation of five on-site drug-testing devices.
2002 Oct
Determination of 6-oxo-morphinans, as the oximes, by difference circular dichroism spectroscopy.
2002 Oct
[Hypoxic brain damage in victims of fatal road traffic accident: prevalence, distribution and association with survival time and other head and extracranial injuries].
2002 Sep
Quantification of the O- and N-demethylated metabolites of hydrocodone and oxycodone in human liver microsomes using liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection.
2003 Feb 25
I am following a health care professional who, I think, has a drug problem.
2003 Jan
Trials and tribulations: current challenges in conducting clinical trials.
2003 Jan
Characterizing the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a hydrocodone combination product (Hycodan) in non-drug-abusing volunteers.
2003 Jan
[Maternal and fetal morbidity in patients with premature rupture of the membrane after 27-week gestation. Causes and costs].
2003 Jul
Hair analysis for opiates: evaluation of washing and incubation procedures.
2003 Jun 5
Postmortem oxycodone and hydrocodone blood concentrations.
2003 Mar
Cognitive and motor function after administration of hydrocodone bitartrate plus ibuprofen, ibuprofen alone, or placebo in healthy subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage: a randomized, repeated-dose, placebo-controlled study.
2003 Mar
[Spanish scientific production in anesthesiology and resuscitation 1983-1995].
2003 Nov
The influence of gender and race on physicians' pain management decisions.
2003 Nov
1000 office-based hysteroscopies prior to in vitro fertilization: feasibility and findings.
2004 Apr-Jun
Carisoprodol withdrawal syndrome.
2004 Dec
Refractory status epilepticus.
2004 Feb
Effective treatment of laparoscopic cholecystectomy pain with intravenous followed by oral COX-2 specific inhibitor.
2004 Feb
Postoperative pain management after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
2004 Jan
Loss prevention case of the month. Monitoring remains critical.
2004 Jan
Patient characteristics and risks factors for development of dependence on hydrocodone and oxycodone.
2004 Jan-Feb
Efficacy of ibuprofen-hydrocodone for the treatment of postoperative pain after periodontal surgery.
2004 Jun
Fatal intravenous fentanyl abuse: four cases involving extraction of fentanyl from transdermal patches.
2004 Jun
Persistent nonmalignant pain and analgesic prescribing patterns in elderly nursing home residents.
2004 Jun
Office visits and analgesic prescriptions for musculoskeletal pain in US: 1980 vs. 2000.
2004 Jun
Hallucinations with zolpidem and fluoxetine in an impaired driver.
2004 Mar
CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes.
2004 Mar
[Detection of thyroid pathology during surgical exploration of the neck for primary hyperthyroidism].
2004 Mar-Apr
[Gender and health in the daily press].
2004 May
Patient-controlled ropivacaine analgesia after arthroscopic subacromial decompression.
2004 May
Topical metronidazole (10 percent) decreases posthemorrhoidectomy pain and improves healing.
2004 May
Fracture of an endoluminal nitinol stent used in the treatment of tracheal collapse in a dog.
2004 Oct 15
Selective potentiation of opioid analgesia by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
2005 Apr 8
Detection of hypoventilation during thoracoscopy: combined cutaneous carbon dioxide tension and oximetry monitoring with a new digital sensor.
2005 Feb
A preclinical comparison between different opioids: antinociceptive versus adverse effects.
2005 Feb
The GC-MS detection and characterization of neopine resulting from opium use and codeine metabolism and its potential as an opiate-product-use marker.
2005 Jun
Oral analgesics for acute nonspecific pain.
2005 Mar 1
Patents

Sample Use Guides

APADAZ Immediate-release tablets: 6.12 mg benzhydrocodone (equivalent to 6.67 mg benzhydrocodone hydrochloride) and 325 mg acetaminophen. Initiate treatment with APADAZ at 1 or 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. Dosage should not exceed 12 tablets in a 24­ hour period.
Route of Administration: Oral
Name Type Language
HYDROCODONE
HSDB   INN   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE, HYDROCODONE- [USP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
Hydrocodone [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
HYDROCODONE [HSDB]
Common Name English
hydrocodone [INN]
Common Name English
HYDROCODON
Common Name English
HYDROCODONE [MI]
Common Name English
HYDROCODONE [VANDF]
Common Name English
DIHYDROCODEINONE
Common Name English
NSC-19044
Code English
HYDROCODONE CII [USP-RS]
Common Name English
HYDROCODONE-
Common Name English
OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY E [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
MULTACODIN
Common Name English
(5.ALPHA.)-3-METHOXY-17-METHYL-4,5-EPOXYMORPHINAN-6-ONE
Systematic Name English
(-)-DIHYDROCODEINONE
Common Name English
DIHYDROCODEINE HYDROGEN TARTRATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
Common Name English
BEKADID
Brand Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC R05DA03
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QR05DA03
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C66917
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
DEA NO. 9193
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548700
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000000174
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C1506
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C67413
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175690
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
6YKS4Y3WQ7
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
1700
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
HYDROCODONE
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
3097
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1386
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M6093
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
SMS_ID
100000084214
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
204-733-9
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID8023131
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Hydrocodone
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00956
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
19044
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
6YKS4Y3WQ7
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
5489
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1314960
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
5779
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7081
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1457
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB08063MIG
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D006853
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
125-29-1
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C62033
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5284569
Created by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Wed Jul 05 22:36:46 UTC 2023
PRIMARY