ZALCITABINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C9H13N3O3
Molecular Weight	211.2178
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	2 / 2
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@H]2CC[C@@H](CO)O2

InChI

InChIKey=WREGKURFCTUGRC-POYBYMJQSA-N

InChI=1S/C9H13N3O3/c10-7-3-4-12(9(14)11-7)8-2-1-6(5-13)15-8/h3-4,6,8,13H,1-2,5H2,(H2,10,11,14)/t6-,8+/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s16lbl.pdf

The nucleoside analog 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd), also known as Zalcitabine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. HIVID is indicated in combination with antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. It is used as part of a combination regimen with antiretroviral agents. But it was discontinued by Roche Pharmaceuticals on December 31, 2006 due to the availability of newer HIV medicines. Within cells, zalcitabine is converted to the active metabolite, dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (ddCTP), by the sequential action of cellular enzymes. Dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate inhibits the activity of the HIV-reverse transcriptase both by competing for utilization of the natural substrate, deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate (dCTP), and by its incorporation into viral DNA. The lack of a 3'- OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation and, therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated. The active metabolite, ddCTP, is also an inhibitor of cellular DNA polymerasebeta and mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma and has been reported to be incorporated into the DNA of cells in culture.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase 47 Target ID: CHEMBL247 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9179531	Inhibitor 8146

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
HIV infection 21 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s16lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8307	HIVID Approved Use HIVID is indicated in combination with antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. This indication is based on study results showing a reduction in the rate of disease progression (AIDS-defining events or death) in patients with limited prior antiretroviral therapy who were treated with the combination of HIVID and zidovudine. This indication is also based on a study showing a reduction in both mortality and AIDS-defining clinical events for patients who received INVIRASE® (saquinavir mesylate) in combination with HIVID compared to patients who received either HIVID or INVIRASE alone. Launch Date 7.0891202E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
7.6 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
10.5 μg/L REVIEW https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
79 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
9.3 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
15.5 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
25.2 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
0.018 mg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.022 mg × h/L REVIEW https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.208 mg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.025 mg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
62 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
72 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1.5 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1.3 h REVIEW https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	0.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1.8 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1.4 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9179531/	0.02 mg/kg bw single, oral dose: 0.02 mg/kg bw route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
2 h DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
96% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FED
96% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf	1.5 mg single, oral dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		ZALCITABINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: FASTED

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
0.09 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.09 mg/kg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558314 Page: p.858	unhealthy, 26-57 n = 5 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Age Group: 26-57 Sex: M Population Size: 5 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558314 Page: p.858	Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy, Leukopenia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Peripheral neuropathy (40%) Leukopenia (20%) Thrombocytopenia (40%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2558314 Page: p.858
0.06 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.06 mg/kg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191	unhealthy, 42 n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Age Group: 42 Sex: M+F Population Size: 18 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191	Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3, 100%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191
0.03 mg/kg 6 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.03 mg/kg, 6 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191	unhealthy, 42 n = 18 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Age Group: 42 Sex: M+F Population Size: 18 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191	Disc. AE: Peripheral neuropathy... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3, 100%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2536257 Page: p.191
1.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 1.5 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy... Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy (80%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18
4.5 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 4.5 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy... Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy (100%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18
0.25 mg/kg 3 times / day multiple, oral Overdose Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.25 mg/kg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18	Disc. AE: Rash, Fever... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Rash Fever Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.18
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1	Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy... Other AEs: Peripheral neuropathy (grade 3-5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1, p.7	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1, p.7	Other AEs: Lactic acidosis, Hepatic steatosis... Other AEs: Lactic acidosis (grade 3-5) Hepatic steatosis (grade 3-5) Hepatic failure (grade 3-5) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.1, p.7
0.75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 0.75 mg, 3 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.7	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: HIV infection Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.7	Other AEs: Pancreatitis, Oral ulceration... Other AEs: Pancreatitis (grade 3-5, 1.1%) Oral ulceration (grade 3, 3%) Esophageal ulcer (grade 3) Cardiomyopathy (grade 3, infrequent) Congestive heart failure (grade 3, infrequent) Anaphylactoid reaction (grade 3) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2002/20199s014lbl.pdf Page: p.7

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
	OAT1 314

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
OAT1 314	substrate 3264 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16724555/	not determined

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:10101	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:10101
ChemicalBook	CB2369466	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB2369466
MolPort	MolPort-002-885-873	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-885-873
Selleck Chemicals	Zalcitabine	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Zalcitabine.html
ZINC	ZINC000000039906	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000039906
eMolecules	29549673	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29549673
eMolecules	501711	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=501711

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 strains resistant to nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase in isolates from the Czech Republic as monitored by line probe assay and nucleotide sequencing.	2001	12083326
Mutational patterns in the HIV genome and cross-resistance following nucleoside and nucleotide analogue drug exposure.	2001	11678471
DABOs as candidates to prevent mucosal HIV transmission.	2001	11594689
The molecular basis of inhibition and toxicity of modified cytosine analogues targetting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	2001	11594679
Peripheral neuropathy during stavudine-didanosine antiretroviral therapy.	2001 Apr	11737385
Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of C-4-hydrazide derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine.	2001 Apr-Jul	11562952
Testing the reverse transcriptase model of somatic mutation.	2001 Aug	11566323
Do HIV type 1 RNA levels provide additional prognostic value to CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts in patients with advanced HIV type 1 infection?	2001 Aug 10	11522179
Susceptibility of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors: evidence for resistance to lamivudine.	2001 Aug 15	11471110
[Therapeutic aspects of HIV/AIDS infected patients and evaluation of therapeutic protocols].	2001 Dec	12113183
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations found in a drug-experienced patient confer reduced susceptibility to multiple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.	2001 Dec	11878404
Antiviral activity of NMSO3 against adenovirus in vitro.	2001 Dec	11675145
MIKADO: a multicentre, open-label pilot study to evaluate the antiretroviral activity and safety of saquinavir with stavudine and zalcitabine.	2001 Jan	11737372
Eruptive cheilitis: a new adverse effect in reactive HIV-positive patients subjected to high activity antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Presentation of six clinical cases.	2001 Jan-Feb	11488127
Differential susceptibility of retroviruses to nucleoside analogues.	2001 Mar	11527046
Mitochondrial alterations with mitochondrial DNA depletion in the nerves of AIDS patients with peripheral neuropathy induced by 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC).	2001 Nov	11706061
New developments in anti-HIV chemotherapy.	2001 Nov	11562282
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs are ineffective against Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo.	2001 Nov 15	11679930
HIV-protease inhibitors alter retinoic acid synthesis.	2001 Oct 19	11600826
Functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 2 in LLC-PK1 cells.	2001 Sep	11504818
Antitumor activity of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine nucleotide analog against tumors up-regulating DNA polymerase beta.	2001 Sep	11502887
A preliminary benefit-risk assessment of lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.	2002	12093308
"Senseless" antiviral polyribonucleotides: poly (1-propargylinosinic acid).	2002	11995639
Novel direct detection method for quantitative determination of intracellular nucleoside triphosphates using weak anion exchange liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.	2002	11992513
Fomivirsen: clinical pharmacology and potential drug interactions.	2002	11978144
The dangers of inferring treatment effects from observational data: a case study in HIV infection.	2002 Apr	11943438
Enhanced inhibition of orthopoxvirus replication in vitro by alkoxyalkyl esters of cidofovir and cyclic cidofovir.	2002 Apr	11897580
Tenofovir exhibits low cytotoxicity in various human cell types: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.	2002 Apr	11888656
Broad nucleoside-analogue resistance implications for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse-transcriptase mutations at codons 44 and 118.	2002 Apr 1	11920313
Molecular basis of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine-induced drug resistance in human cells.	2002 Feb	11952160
The distribution of the anti-HIV drug, 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), across the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers and the influence of organic anion transport inhibitors.	2002 Feb	11905988
Involvement of DNA polymerase beta in DNA replication and mutagenic consequences.	2002 Feb 1	11827474
Viral and immunologic follow up of 4 to 9 years of AIDS treatments by quadruple combinations of virostatics including integrase inhibitors applied in short sequences differing by drug rotation.	2002 Jan	11860730
Uptake of lamivudine by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles.	2002 Jan	11829121
Transbuccal delivery of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine: in vitro permeation study and histological investigation.	2002 Jan 1	11719014
ATP-dependent removal of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.	2002 Jul	12069972
An ancient prevertebrate Na+-nucleoside cotransporter (hfCNT) from the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti).	2002 Jul	12055084
3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine induced deficiency of thymidine kinases 1, 2 and deoxycytidine kinase in H9 T-lymphoid cells.	2002 Jul 15	12123744
Perspectives on the molecular mechanism of inhibition and toxicity of nucleoside analogs that target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	2002 Jul 18	12084471
New developments in anti-HIV chemotherapy.	2002 Jul 18	12084468
Prevalence of HIV-1 polymerase gene mutations in pre-treated patients in Thailand.	2002 Mar	12118466
Observations of HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance in a trial of four reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Quattro Trial).	2002 Mar	12008783
ViroLogic announces agreement with Achillion.	2002 Mar	11981960
Novel use of a guanosine prodrug approach to convert 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine into a viable antiviral agent.	2002 Mar	11850281
Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.	2002 Mar	11850253
Dietary supplements in the treatment of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-related mitochondrial toxicity.	2002 Mar 29	11964542
Concurrent analysis of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in a pool of endogenous nucleosides by short-end injection-capillary electrochromatography on a beta-cyclodextrin-bonded stationary phase.	2002 May	12007125
Certification of the critical importance of L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine at position 3 of a specific CXCR4 inhibitor, T140, leads to an exploratory performance of its downsizing study.	2002 May	11886804
Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cognitive processing in HIV infection: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of event-related potentials.	2002 May 1	12015901
Point mutations and deletions in the znfn1a1/ikaros gene in chemically induced murine lymphomas.	2002 May 1	11980663

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Patients should be advised that HIVID is recommended for use in combination with active antiretroviral therapy. Greater activity has been observed when new antiretroviral therapies are begun at the same time as HIVID. Concomitant therapy should be based on a patient’s prior drug exposure. The recommended regimen is one 0.750 mg tablet of HIVID orally every 8 hours (2.25 mg HIVID total daily dose) in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Please refer to the complete product information for each of the other antiretroviral agents for the recommended doses of these agents. Based on preliminary data, the recommended HIVID dosage reduction for patients with impaired renal function is: creatinine clearance 10 to 40 mL/min: 0.750 mg of HIVID every 12 hours; creatinine clearance <10 mL/min: 0.750 mg of HIVID every 24 hours.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

2',3'-Dideoxycytidine (DDC) was evaluated for prophylactic antiviral activity in vitro using the feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-cat animal model. In vitro antiviral activity of DDC against FeLV was dependent upon the target cell used for infection. DDC (5 to 10 microM) inhibited FeLV infection of feline lymphoid cells by greater than 80%, while 6.07 to 12.13 uM DDC was required to similarly inhibit infection of feline fibroblasts. However, 43 to 384 uM DDC was needed to inhibit FeLV infection of primary bone marrow cells by greater than 80%. These in vitro results suggest that, although relatively low doses of DDC may be adequate to prevent infection of feline lymphoid cells, 8- to 80-times-higher doses may be necessary to block infection of bone marrow cells, a primary target cell type for FeLV infection. Results of in vitro studies suggest that feline bone marrow cells may remain partially susceptible to FeLV infection at tolerated doses, while other somatic target tissues (i.e., lymphoid or epithelial tissues) may be protected from infection.

Name

Type

Language

ZALCITABINE

Official Name

English

ZALCITABINE [USAN]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE [ORANGE BOOK]

Common Name

English

2',3'-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE

Systematic Name

English

RO 24-2027/000

Code

English

ZALCITABINE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE [JAN]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE (DIDEOXYCYTIDINE,DDC) [VANDF]

Common Name

English

RO-24-2027/000

Code

English

HIVID

Brand Name

English

Zalcitabine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

NSC-606170

Code

English

ZALCITABINE [IARC]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

DIDEOXYCYTIDINE

Systematic Name

English

RO-242027000

Code

English

ZALCITABINE [MART.]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

DDC

Common Name

English

CYTIDINE, 2',3'-DIDEOXY-

Systematic Name

English

zalcitabine [INN]

Common Name

English

ZALCITABINE [MI]

Common Name

English

RO-24-2027000

Code

English

ZALCITABINE [USP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QJ05AF03