U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C21H15F4N5O2S
Molecular Weight 477.435
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of APALUTAMIDE

SMILES

CNC(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1F)N2C(=S)N(C(=O)C23CCC3)C4=CC(=C(N=C4)C#N)C(F)(F)F

InChI

InChIKey=HJBWBFZLDZWPHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C21H15F4N5O2S/c1-27-17(31)13-4-3-11(8-15(13)22)30-19(33)29(18(32)20(30)5-2-6-20)12-7-14(21(23,24)25)16(9-26)28-10-12/h3-4,7-8,10H,2,5-6H2,1H3,(H,27,31)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/03/11/18141/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22266222

Apalutamide (developmental code name ARN-509) is a selective and competitive androgen receptor inhibitor with IC50 of 16 nM, useful for prostate cancer treatment. Apalutamide binds to AR in target tissues thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes. This ultimately inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in AR-expressing tumor cells. Apalutamide is currently in phase III clinical trials for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Weak penetration "Apalutamide has less blood–brain barrier penetration,at least in preclinical studies, which might reduce seizures that are associated with anti-androgens binding to the GABA-A receptor in the brain" weak CNS effect "Apalutamide binds weakly to the GABAA receptor"

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
16.0 nM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ERLEADA

Approved Use

ERLEADA is an androgen receptor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Launch Date

2018
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6 μg/mL
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
APALUTAMIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
100 μg × h/mL
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
APALUTAMIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
72 h
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
APALUTAMIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
4%
240 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 240 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
APALUTAMIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
480 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 480 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 480 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: castration-resistant prostate cancer
Age Group: 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
Sex: M
Population Size: 3
Sources:
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: castration-resistant prostate cancer
Age Group: 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources:
DLT: Abdominal pain...
Dose limiting toxicities:
Abdominal pain (grade 3, 1 patient)
Sources:
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Disc. AE: Rash, Rash...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Rash (3%)
Rash (>1)
Diarrhea (>1)
Fatigue (>1)
Nausea (>1)
Vomiting (>1)
Hypertension (>1)
Hematuria (>1)
Sources:
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 130
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources: Page: p. 130
Disc. AE: Fatigue, Decreased appetite...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Fatigue (1%)
Decreased appetite (0.7%)
Weight decreased (0.7%)
Sources: Page: p. 130
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Abdominal pain grade 3, 1 patient
DLT, Disc. AE
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
n = 5
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: castration-resistant prostate cancer
Age Group: 68 years (range: 45 - 81 yers)
Sex: M
Population Size: 5
Sources:
Rash 3%
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Diarrhea >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Fatigue >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Hematuria >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Hypertension >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Nausea >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Rash >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Vomiting >1
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources:
Decreased appetite 0.7%
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 130
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources: Page: p. 130
Weight decreased 0.7%
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 130
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources: Page: p. 130
Fatigue 1%
Disc. AE
240 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended|MTD
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 240 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 130
unhealthy, 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
n = 803
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 74 years (range: 48-97 years)
Sex: M
Population Size: 803
Sources: Page: p. 130
OverviewDrug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
yes [IC50 12 uM]
yes [IC50 13.8 uM]
yes [IC50 27.2 uM]
yes [IC50 37.9 uM]
yes [IC50 4.8 uM]
yes [IC50 7.6 uM]
yes [Ki 0.3 uM]
yes [Ki 27 uM]
yes [Ki 28 uM]
yes [Ki 33.5 uM]
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: co-administration of apalutamide 240 QD with single oral doses of sensitive transporter substrates resulted in a 30% decrease in the AUC of fexofenadine (a P-gp substrate) and 41% decrease in the AUC of rosuvastatin (a BCRP/OATP1B1 substrate).
Page: 66.0
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: co-administration of apalutamide 240 QD with single oral doses of sensitive transporter substrates resulted in a 30% decrease in the AUC of fexofenadine (a P-gp substrate) and 41% decrease in the AUC of rosuvastatin (a BCRP/OATP1B1 substrate).
Page: 66.0
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: co-administration of apalutamide 240 QD with single oral doses of sensitive transporter substrates resulted in a 30% decrease in the AUC of fexofenadine (a P-gp substrate) and 41% decrease in the AUC of rosuvastatin (a BCRP/OATP1B1 substrate).
Page: 66.0
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

Tox targets
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Patents

Sample Use Guides

The recommended dose of ERLEADA (apalutamide) is 240 mg (four 60 mg tablets) administered orally once daily. Swallow the tablets whole. ERLEADA can be taken with or without food.
Route of Administration: Oral
APALUTAMIDE binds AR with IC50 16 nM
Name Type Language
APALUTAMIDE
INN   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
APALUTAMIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
4-(7-(6-CYANO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-3-YL)-8-OXO-6-THIOXO-5,7-DIAZASPIRO(3.4)OCTAN-5-YL)-2-FLUORO-N-METHYLBENZAMIDE
Systematic Name English
Apalutamide [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ERLEADA
Brand Name English
APALUTAMIDE [MI]
Common Name English
apalutamide [INN]
Common Name English
BENZAMIDE, 4-(7-(6-CYANO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-3-PYRIDINYL)-8-OXO-6-THIOXO-5,7-DIAZASPIRO(3.4)OCT-5-YL)-2-FLUORO-N-METHYL-
Systematic Name English
JNJ-56021927
Code English
APALUTAMIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
ARN-509
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC L02BB05
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C146993
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
DRUG BANK
DB11901
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
24872560
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PRIMARY
INN
10118
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
4T36H88UA7
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
4T36H88UA7
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000174821
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PRIMARY
CAS
956104-40-8
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID40241899
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
1999574
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
Apalutamide
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL3183409
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m12063
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
5278
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C92574
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 04:48:59 GMT 2023
PRIMARY