Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C18H26ClN3O |
Molecular Weight | 335.8722 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCN(CCCC(C)Nc1ccnc2cc(ccc12)Cl)CCO
InChI
InChIKey=XXSMGPRMXLTPCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H26ClN3O/c1-3-22(11-12-23)10-4-5-14(2)21-17-8-9-20-18-13-15(19)6-7-16(17)18/h6-9,13-14,23H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21)
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611Curator's Comment:: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/009768s041lbl.pdf
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611
Curator's Comment:: Description was created based on several sources, including
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/009768s041lbl.pdf
Hydroxychloroquine possesses antimalarial properties and also exerts a beneficial effect in lupus erythematosus (chronic discoid or systemic) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it may be based on ability of hydroxychloroquine to bind to and alter DNA. Hydroxychloroquine has also has been found to be taken up into the acidic food vacuoles of the parasite in the erythrocyte. This increases the pH of the acid vesicles, interfering with vesicle functions and possibly inhibiting phospholipid metabolism. In suppressive treatment, hydroxychloroquine inhibits the erythrocytic stage of development of plasmodia. In acute attacks of malaria, it interrupts erythrocytic schizogony of the parasite. Its ability to concentrate in parasitized erythrocytes may account for their selective toxicity against the erythrocytic stages of plasmodial infection. As an antirheumatic, hydroxychloroquine is thought to act as a mild immunosuppressant, inhibiting the production of rheumatoid factor and acute phase reactants. It also accumulates in white blood cells, stabilizing lysosomal membranes and inhibiting the activity of many enzymes, including collagenase and the proteases that cause cartilage breakdown. Hydroxychloroquine is used for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum. It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL5936 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01611 |
2.78 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL5804 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342772 |
0.08 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Curative | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date-4.64227205E11 |
|||
Primary | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date-4.64227205E11 |
|||
Primary | PLAQUENIL Approved UsePLAQUENIL is indicated for the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of
malaria due to Plasmodium vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and susceptible strains of P. falciparum.
It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and
rheumatoid arthritis. Launch Date-4.64227205E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
129.6 ng/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.22 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
50.3 ng/mL |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
102.3 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
537 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE blood | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
172.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188392 |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2963 h |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
48% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8359187 |
unknown, unknown |
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Cardio-respiratory arrest... |
200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Tachycardia, Hypotension... Other AEs: Tachycardia Sources: Hypotension Depression Hypokalemia |
20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Hypotension, Hypokalemia... |
12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 2.5 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 2.5 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Cardio-respiratory arrest... |
4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Vomiting, Ventricular tachycardia... |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
DLT: Nausea, Vomiting... Other AEs: Lymphopenia, Anemia... Dose limiting toxicities: Nausea (grade 3, 13%) Other AEs:Vomiting (grade 3, 13%) Lymphopenia (grade 3-4, 13%) Sources: Anemia (grade 1-2, 13%) Thrombocytopenia (grade 1-2, 13%) Anorexia (grade 1-2, 38%) Bradycardia (grade 1-2, 13%) Constipation (grade 1-2, 25%) Diarrhea (grade 1-2, 25%) Fatigue (grade 1-2, 88%) Hypotension (grade 1-2, 13%) Nausea (grade 1-2, 50%) Rash (grade 1-2, 13%) Vomiting (grade 1-2, 25%) |
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
DLT: Heart block... Dose limiting toxicities: Heart block (grade 3, 6.7%) Sources: |
500 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
DLT: Rash... |
200 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cardiovascular disease Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Other AEs: Increased blood pressure... Other AEs: Increased blood pressure (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Cardio-respiratory arrest | grade 5 | 12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Depression | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypokalemia | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypotension | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Tachycardia | 200 mg 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: levothyroxine Sources: aspirin ibuprofen |
healthy, 16 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 16 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypokalemia | 20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Hypotension | 20 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 20 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 18 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 18 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Cardio-respiratory arrest | grade 5 | 12 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 12 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 2.5 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 2.5 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Ventricular tachycardia | 4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Vomiting | 4 g 1 times / day single, oral Studied dose Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 4 g, 1 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 29 years n = 1 Health Status: healthy Age Group: 29 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
Anemia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Bradycardia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Hypotension | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Rash | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Thrombocytopenia | grade 1-2, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Constipation | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Diarrhea | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Vomiting | grade 1-2, 25% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Anorexia | grade 1-2, 38% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Nausea | grade 1-2, 50% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Fatigue | grade 1-2, 88% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Nausea | grade 3, 13% DLT |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Vomiting | grade 3, 13% DLT |
600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Lymphopenia | grade 3-4, 13% | 600 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 600 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 8 Sources: |
Heart block | grade 3, 6.7% DLT |
200 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Rash | grade 3, 14.3% DLT |
500 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral Studied dose Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 500 mg, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: temozolomide(150 mg/m2; daily for 7/14 d) Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 64 years n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: advanced solid malignancies Age Group: median age 64 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Increased blood pressure | below serious, 1 patient | 200 mg 2 times / day steady, oral Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 200 mg, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy n = 7 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: cardiovascular disease Population Size: 7 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: Concomitant administration of HCQ increased the bioavailability of metoprolol, as indicated by significant increases in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (65 ± 4.6%) and maximal plasma concentrations (72 ± 6.9%) of metoprolol |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely | ||||
likely |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Hydroxychloroquine-induced vertigo. | 1975 Sep 1 |
|
Antimalarial drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus: use in pregnancy. | 2001 |
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[Amphiphilic cationic drug myopathy, drug-induced lysosomal storage lipidosis]. | 2001 |
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Management of hepatitis C virus-related arthritis. | 2001 |
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Combination therapy with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 |
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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in lupus pregnancy: double-blind and placebo-controlled study. | 2001 |
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Antimalarials--the 'real' advance in lupus. | 2001 |
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Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: unknown long-term effects. | 2001 Apr |
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Leflunomide and rheumatoid arthritis: new preparation. Neither the safest nor the most effective slow-acting antirheumatic drug. | 2001 Apr |
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Pilot tolerability studies of hydroxychloroquine and colchicine in Alzheimer disease. | 2001 Apr-Jun |
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Early hydroxychloroquine macular toxicity. | 2001 Aug |
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Bromocriptine in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. | 2001 Aug |
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Effect of hydroxychloroquine on progression of dementia in early Alzheimer's disease: an 18-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | 2001 Aug 11 |
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Systemic lupus erythematosus: current management. | 2001 Aug 6 |
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Angiooedema due to acquired deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor associated with leucocytoclastic vasculitis. | 2001 Aug-Sep |
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[Combined basic therapeutic drugs. From individual hope to targeted use]. | 2001 Dec |
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Progress in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2001 Dec 12 |
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Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with hydroxychloroquine. | 2001 Jul |
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Hydroxychloroquine enhances the endocrine secretion of adenovirus-directed growth hormone from rat submandibular glands in vivo. | 2001 Jul 1 |
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Treating early rheumatoid arthritis in the younger patient. | 2001 Jun |
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Conventional DMARD options for patients with a suboptimal response to methotrexate. | 2001 Jun |
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Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs: longterm safety issues. | 2001 Jun |
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Rheumatologists' attitudes toward routine screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. | 2001 Jun |
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[Lymphedema of the upper limb, a complication of rheumatoid polyarthritis]. | 2001 Jun 30 |
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[Photodermatosis induced by hydroxychloroquine: 4 cases]. | 2001 Jun-Jul |
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Hydroxychloroquine sulphate inhibits in vitro apoptosis of circulating lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2001 Mar |
|
Vitamin D levels in women with systemic lupus erythematosus and fibromyalgia. | 2001 Nov |
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Dermatomyositis. | 2001 Nov 1 |
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[Psychiatric manifestations of lupus erythematosus systemic and Sjogren's syndrome]. | 2001 Nov-Dec |
|
Modulation of hormones in the treatment of lupus. | 2001 Oct |
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Treatment of early seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a two-year, double-blind comparison of minocycline and hydroxychloroquine. | 2001 Oct |
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Leflunomide for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the article by McMurray. | 2001 Oct |
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Treatment of hydroxychloroquine overdose. | 2001 Sep |
|
Ocular toxicity and antenatal exposure to chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for rheumatic diseases. | 2001 Sep 8 |
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Safety and efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic agents: focus on the benefits and risks of etanercept. | 2002 |
|
Sustained normalization of cerebral blood-flow after iloprost therapy in a patient with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. | 2002 |
|
Evidence of transplacental passage of hydroxychloroquine in humans. | 2002 Apr |
|
Delay to institution of therapy and induction of remission using single-drug or combination-disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. | 2002 Apr |
|
Canadian Consensus Conference on hydroxychloroquine. | 2002 Apr |
|
Randomized double blind trial of an extract from the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2002 Apr |
|
Pharmacoeconomics of long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2002 Apr |
|
[Primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome in a 13-year-old girl]. | 2002 Feb |
|
Prescribing trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of practicing Canadian rheumatologists. | 2002 Feb |
|
Antimalarial agents in pregnancy. | 2002 Feb 9 |
|
Second-line drugs used in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis in Brittany (France). | 2002 Jan |
|
Treatment of severe immune thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: 59 cases. | 2002 Jan |
|
Leflunomide induced fevers, thrombocytosis, and leukocytosis in a patient with relapsing polychondritis. | 2002 Jan |
|
IgM antibodies against cytomegalovirus in SLE nephritis: viral infection or aspecific autoantibody? | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
Hydroxychloroquine reverses platelet activation induced by human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies. | 2002 Mar |
|
The effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are refractory to sulfonylureas--a randomized trial. | 2002 Mar |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Malaria: Suppression— In adults, 400 mg (=310 mg base) on exactly the same day of each week. In infants and children, the weekly suppressive dosage is 5 mg, calculated as base, per kg of body weight, but should not exceed the adult dose regardless of weight.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23778483
After 48 hours of stimulation with PMA and ionomycin, Hydroxychloroquine (25-100 uM) inhibited the production of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22 in the PBMCs of healthy volunteers
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/16/1820
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
2.4
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C271
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
P01BA02
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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LIVERTOX |
489
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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NDF-RT |
N0000175482
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admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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NDF-RT |
N0000175713
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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1395
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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M6127
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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SUB08077MIG
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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7198
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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5521
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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4QWG6N8QKH
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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118-42-3
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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D006886
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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DB01611
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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C557
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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3652
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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CHEMBL1535
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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204-249-8
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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118-42-3
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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Hydroxychloroquine
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
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796
Created by
admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Fri Jun 25 23:49:01 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)