Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C9H13NO3.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 219.665 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CNCC(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=ATADHKWKHYVBTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C9H13NO3.ClH/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6;/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3;1H
Racepinephrine or racemic epinephrine is a mixture of levo and dextro isomers of epinephrine act as a nonselective agonist at adrenergic receptors. It is a bronchodilator used in the temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma including wheezing, shortness of breath. Inhaled racepinephrine became available in September 2012 as a nonprescription treatment for bronchospasm based on a 1986 US Food and Drug Administration rule. Besides, racemic epinephrine relieves respiratory distress in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis and is safe but does not abbreviate hospital stay. Morbidity associated with bronchiolitis as identified by parents persists for at least one week after hospital discharge in most infants.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2331074 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseFor temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma: wheezing, tightness of chest, shortness of breath |
|||
| Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
50 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 2 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 2 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Hypertension, Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypertension (5.4%) Sources: Tachycardia (5.4%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 5.4% Disc. AE |
50 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 2 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 2 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
| Tachycardia | 5.4% Disc. AE |
50 mg single, oral Overdose |
unknown, 2 years n = 1 Health Status: unknown Age Group: 2 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Structural and conformational features determining selective signal transduction in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor. | 1993 Dec |
|
| Carazolol: a potent, selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist. | 1995 Nov 30 |
|
| Ligand efficacy and potency at recombinant alpha2 adrenergic receptors: agonist-mediated [35S]GTPgammaS binding. | 1998 Apr 1 |
|
| A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric estimation of catechol derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations. | 2001 Dec 24 |
|
| The effect of methylene blue on the hemodynamic changes during ischemia reperfusion injury in orthotopic liver transplantation. | 2002 Apr |
|
| Exercise-induced changes in plasma composition increase erythrocyte Na+,K+-ATPase, but not Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, activity to stimulate net and unidirectional K+ transport in humans. | 2003 Dec 15 |
|
| Beta-adrenergic or parasympathetic inhibition, heart rate and cardiac output during normoxic and acute hypoxic exercise in humans. | 2003 Jul 15 |
|
| Evidence that Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ channels in rat hepatocytes are required for the maintenance of hormone-induced Ca2+ oscillations. | 2003 Mar 1 |
|
| Stereospecificity of horseradish peroxidase. | 2004 Dec |
|
| Transfusion-free pediatric burn surgery: techniques and strategies. | 2005 Feb |
|
| Catecholamines potentiate the effect of thyroid hormone on intestinal absorption of glucose in the rat. | 2005 Jun |
|
| Plasma levobupivacaine concentrations following scalp block in patients undergoing awake craniotomy. | 2005 Jun |
|
| Single dose oral clonidine premedication does not enhance postoperative, single low dose epidural morphine analgesia in hysterectomy patients. | 2005 Mar |
|
| Opposite changes in imidazoline I2 receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors density in rat frontal cortex after induced gliosis. | 2005 Nov 26 |
|
| Method development for the enantiomeric purity determination of low concentrations of adrenaline in local anaesthetic solutions by capillary electrophoresis. | 2006 Apr 11 |
|
| [Adrenaline]. | 2006 Aug-Sep |
|
| Putting theory into practice: James Black, receptor theory and the development of the beta-blockers at ICI, 1958-1978. | 2006 Jan |
|
| [European Resuscitation Council guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2005]. | 2006 Jan-Feb |
|
| Strategies for enantioseparations of catecholamines and structurally related compounds by capillary zone electrophoresis using sulfated beta-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. | 2006 Sep |
|
| More PKA independent beta-adrenergic signalling via cAMP: is Rap1-mediated glucose uptake in vascular smooth cells physiologically important? | 2007 Jun |
|
| Stereospecificity of mushroom tyrosinase immobilized on a chiral and a nonchiral support. | 2007 May 30 |
|
| End-column chemiluminescence detection for pressurized capillary electrochromatographic analysis of norepinephrine and epinephrine. | 2007 Nov 2 |
|
| Targeting multiple dyslipidemias with fixed combinations--focus on extended release niacin and simvastatin. | 2008 |
|
| Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of local anaesthetics used for dental analgesia. | 2008 Jan |
|
| Neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene inactivation reduces the expression of vasopressin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal gland of the mouse. | 2008 Jan |
|
| Electrical nerve stimulation or ultrasound guidance for lateral sagittal infraclavicular blocks: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, comparative study. | 2008 Jun |
|
| Analysis of efficacy of chiral adrenergic agonists. | 2008 Mar |
|
| Caffeine and anaerobic performance: ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. | 2009 |
|
| Adrenaline-induced chronic ocular hypertension in adult rabbits. | 2009 Apr |
|
| Simultaneous separation of epinephrine and norepinephrine enantiomers by EKC: application to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. | 2009 Aug |
|
| Simultaneous determination of epinephrine, uric acid and xanthine in the presence of ascorbic acid using an ultrathin polymer film of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol modified electrode. | 2009 Aug 4 |
|
| Characteristics and outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalised African children. | 2009 Jan |
|
| The impact of platelet function or C-reactive protein, on cardiovascular events after an acute myocardial infarction. | 2009 Jul 7 |
|
| Enhanced voltammetric detection of epinephrine at a carbon nanotube/nafion composite electrode in the presence of ascorbic acid. | 2009 Nov |
|
| Trocar-guided total tension-free vaginal mesh repair of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse. | 2009 Oct |
|
| Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by interleukin-6 in rat skeletal muscle: association with changes in cAMP, energy state, and endogenous fuel mobilization. | 2009 Sep |
|
| High concentrations of dexmedetomidine inhibit compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves without alpha(2) adrenoceptor activation. | 2010 Aug |
|
| Job insecurity and change over time in health among older men and women. | 2010 Jan |
|
| Calcium deficiency in the early stages after weaning is associated with the enhancement of a low level of adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis and reduction of adiponectin release in isolated rat mesenteric adipocytes. | 2010 Jul |
|
| Intraoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and epinephrine after cytoreductive surgery in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: a phase I study. | 2010 Mar |
|
| A comparative study of intrathecal and epidural buprenorphine using combined spinal-epidural technique for caesarean section. | 2010 May |
|
| Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) in adrenal chromaffin cells: stress-triggered induction of VMAT2 and expression in epinephrine synthesizing cells. | 2010 Nov |
|
| [Experimental study on effect of pre-acupuncture and moxibustion on molecular markers in pre-thrombosis state of rats]. | 2010 Oct |
Patents
| Name | Type | Language | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C319
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
||
|
CFR |
21 CFR 341.16
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
m4944
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
C73826
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID9057717
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
206-346-0
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
329-63-5
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CHEMBL1740
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
336096P2WE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
336096P2WE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DBSALT001518
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
5924
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
100000127817
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
314610
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
SUB33967
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1598097
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:27:53 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD
