Pravastatin (marketed as Pravachol or Selektine) is a member of the drug class of statins, used in combination with diet, exercise, and weight loss for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Pravastatin acts as a lipoprotein-lowering drug through two pathways. In the major pathway, pravastatin inhibits the function of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. As a reversible competitive inhibitor, pravastatin sterically hinders the action of HMG-CoA reductase by occupying the active site of the enzyme. Taking place primarily in the liver, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate in the rate-limiting step of the biosynthetic pathway for cholesterol. Pravastatin also inhibits the synthesis of very-low-density lipoproteins, which are the precursor to low-density lipoproteins (LDL). These reductions increase the number of cellular LDL receptors, thus LDL uptake increases, removing it from the bloodstream. Pravastatin is primarily used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. It is recommended to be used only after other measures, such as diet, exercise, and weight reduction, have not improved cholesterol levels. The evidence for the use of pravastatin is generally weaker than for other statins. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT), failed to demonstrate a difference in all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction/fatal coronary heart disease rates between patients receiving pravastatin 40 mg daily (a common starting dose) and those receiving usual care. Pravastatin is generally well tolerated; adverse reactions have usually been mild and transient. In 4-month-long placebo-controlled trials, 1.7% of Pravastatin-treated patients and 1.2% of placebo-treated patients were discontinued from treatment because of adverse experiences attributed to study drug therapy; this difference was not statistically significant.

Pravastatin Lactone is a metabolite of pravastatin. Pravastatin is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and it is primarily used for the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Pravastatin and pravastatin-lactone uptake is liver cell specific. Pravastatin-lactone uptake into isolated rat liver cells is carrier mediated. The mutual competitive transport inhibition of bile acids and pravastatin and pravastatin-lactone in sodium-free medium indicates that these compounds share a common transport system. Pravastatin lactone, based on its lipophilicity, showed a high myotoxic potential.

6'-Epipravastatin is a secondary isomeric metabolite of pravastatin. Pravastatin, one of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) widely used in the management of hypercholesterolaemia, has unique pharmacokinetic characteristics among the members of this class. The major metabolites of Pravastatin found in plasma, urine and feces are 3′α-isopravastatin, 3′α,5′β-dihydroxy-pravastatin, desacyl-dehydropravastatin, 3′′-hydroxy-pravastatin and 6′-epipravastatin. The major pravastatin metabolites are generated by non-CYP-dependent processes: 3alpha-isopravastatin and metabolite 6-epipravastatin are either formed by acidic degradation of pravastatin in the stomach or by sulfation at the 6’beta-hydroxy group by sulfotransferases, followed by a nucleophilic attack of hydroxy anions at the 3alpha- or 6’alpha-position.