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Restrict the search for
ketamine
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There is one exact (name or code) match for ketamine
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1996)
Source:
ANDA074549
(1996)
Source URL:
First approved in 1970
Source:
NDA016812
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ketamine (brand name Ketalar) is a cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Ketalar is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation; also, it is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. Ketamine blocks NMDA receptors through an interaction with sites thought to be located within the ion channel pore region. However, the complete pharmacology of ketamine is more complex, and it is known to directly interact with a variety of other sites to varying degrees. Recently, it was shown that inclusion of the NR3B subunit does not alter the ketamine sensitivity of recombinant NR1/NR2 receptors expressed in oocytes. Likewise, 100 μM ketamine produced only weak inhibition of the glycine-induced current of NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors. The side effects of ketamine noted in clinical studies include psychedelic symptoms (hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks), nausea/vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and, in a minority of patients, hepatoxicity. The recreational use of ketamine is increasing and comes with a variety of additional risks ranging from bladder and renal complications to persistent psychotypical behaviour and memory defects. Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer) as an alternative anesthetic to phencyclidine. It was first used in humans in 1965 by Corssen and Domino and was introduced into clinical practice by 1970.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1996)
Source:
ANDA074549
(1996)
Source URL:
First approved in 1970
Source:
NDA016812
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ketamine (brand name Ketalar) is a cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Ketalar is indicated as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation; also, it is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. Ketamine blocks NMDA receptors through an interaction with sites thought to be located within the ion channel pore region. However, the complete pharmacology of ketamine is more complex, and it is known to directly interact with a variety of other sites to varying degrees. Recently, it was shown that inclusion of the NR3B subunit does not alter the ketamine sensitivity of recombinant NR1/NR2 receptors expressed in oocytes. Likewise, 100 μM ketamine produced only weak inhibition of the glycine-induced current of NR1/NR3A/NR3B receptors. The side effects of ketamine noted in clinical studies include psychedelic symptoms (hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks), nausea/vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and, in a minority of patients, hepatoxicity. The recreational use of ketamine is increasing and comes with a variety of additional risks ranging from bladder and renal complications to persistent psychotypical behaviour and memory defects. Ketamine was first synthesized in 1962 by Calvin Stevens at Parke-Davis Co (now Pfizer) as an alternative anesthetic to phencyclidine. It was first used in humans in 1965 by Corssen and Domino and was introduced into clinical practice by 1970.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2019)
Source:
NDA211243
(2019)
Source URL:
First approved in 1970
Source:
NDA211243
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Esketamine is an S(+)-enantiomer of ketamine. It is a nonselective, noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. A nasal spray, containing esketamine, was approved in 2019 for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression in adults, in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, and is marketed under tradename SPARAVATO. Esketamine is a schedule III drug product in the USA.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1987)
Source:
ANDA089400
(1987)
Source URL:
First approved in 1961
Source:
ELAVIL by ASTRAZENECA
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Amitriptyline is a derivative of dibenzocycloheptadiene and a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and is mainly used to treat symptoms of depression. It works on the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibiting the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. Amitriptyline has been frequently used as an active comparator in clinical trials on newer antidepressants. It is rarely used as a first-line antidepressant nowadays due to its high degree of toxicity in overdose and generally poorer tolerability than the newer antidepressants.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT03977675: Phase 1 Interventional Terminated Major Depressive Disorder
(2019)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT04711005: Phase 1 Interventional Completed Major Depressive Disorder
(2021)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT01582815: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Major Depressive Disorder
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
JNJ-40411813 (aka ADX71149) is a metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that has the potential to be the first oral non-dopaminergic drug that may address both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other indications, such as anxiety. ADX71149 is differentiated from marketed antipsychotics in that it may also show efficacy on negative symptoms and avoid compliance-limiting side effects such as weight gain, hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal symptoms, which are associated with the use of dopamine antagonists. The development of ADX71149 is part of a worldwide research collaboration and license agreement between Addex and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. This drug was also investigated for use as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), however, these studies were discontinued. JNJ-40411813 is now in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of epilepsy.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT02097706: Phase 2 Interventional Recruiting Borderline Personality Disorder
(2015)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid is an amino acid derivative acting as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor, and therefore mimics the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate on that receptor. Unlike glutamate, NMDA only binds to and regulates the NMDA receptor and has no effect on other glutamate receptors (such as those for AMPA and kainate). NMDA receptors are particularly important when they become overactive during withdrawal from alcohol as this causes symptoms such as agitation and, sometimes, epileptiform seizures. NMDA is a water-soluble synthetic substance that is not normally found in biological tissue.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT04147949: Phase 2 Interventional Not yet recruiting Parkinson Disease
(2022)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
4‐Chlorokynurenine (AV-101) is a neuropharmaceutical drug candidate in development for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Pharmacology studies conducted in rodent models have demonstrated AV-101’s antihyperalgesic activity in models of facilitated
pain processing was seen at serum concentrations ranging from
150–300 M. In addition, AV-101 has been shown to be
neuroprotective activity against an intrahippocampal injection of
quinolinic acid, reductions in seizures, and antidepressive activity. An oral prodrug, AV-101, which, in the brain, is converted into one of the most potent and selective GlyB site antagonists of the NMDAR, has been demonstrated to be active in animal models of neuropathic pain. The two Phase 1 studies were designed to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of AV-101, over a wide dose range, after daily dosing for 14-days. AV-101 has excellent safety and PK characteristics providing support for advancing AV-101 into Phase 2 studies in neuropathic pain.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT01530529: Phase 1 Interventional Completed Healthy
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Dizocilpine (MK-801) is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the glutamate category involved with the central nervous system (CNS). The drug displays a variety of physiological actions, many of which involve the CNS, such as anesthetic and anticonvulsant properties. It penetrates readily into CNS and was described as the agent with central sympathomimetic properties. Co-administration of dizocilpine with psychostimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine, has been reported to prevent the development of behavioural sensitization to these drugs as well as associated neuroadaptations in rodents. However, studies with bromocriptine have suggested that co-administration of dizocilpine might merely cause sensitization to become state-dependent. A single injection of MK-801 to rats models both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Treatment of mice with dizocilpine induced learning impairment.
