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Restrict the search for
cytarabine
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There is one exact (name or code) match for cytarabine
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1990)
Source:
ANDA071868
(1990)
Source URL:
First approved in 1969
Source:
CYTARABINE by TEVA PARENTERAL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog. Cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U or Depocyt) is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is a cell cycle phase-specific, affecting cells only during the S phase of cell division. Intracellularly, cytarabine is converted into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP), which is the active metabolite. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but it appears that ara-CTP acts primarily through inhibition of DNA polymerase. Incorporation into DNA and RNA may also contribute to cytarabine cytotoxicity. Cytarabine is cytotoxic to a wide variety of proliferating mammalian cells in culture.The drug has a short plasma half-life, low stability and limited bioavailability. Overdosing of patients with continuous infusions may lead to side effects. Thus, various prodrug strategies and delivery systems have been explored extensively to enhance the half-life, stability and delivery of cytarabine. Alternative, delivery systems of cytarabine have emerged for the treatment of different cancers. The liposomal-cytarabine formulation has been approved for the treatment of lymphomatous meningitis.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(1990)
Source:
ANDA071868
(1990)
Source URL:
First approved in 1969
Source:
CYTARABINE by TEVA PARENTERAL
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog. Cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside (Cytosar-U or Depocyt) is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of cancers of white blood cells such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is a cell cycle phase-specific, affecting cells only during the S phase of cell division. Intracellularly, cytarabine is converted into cytarabine-5-triphosphate (ara-CTP), which is the active metabolite. The mechanism of action is not completely understood, but it appears that ara-CTP acts primarily through inhibition of DNA polymerase. Incorporation into DNA and RNA may also contribute to cytarabine cytotoxicity. Cytarabine is cytotoxic to a wide variety of proliferating mammalian cells in culture.The drug has a short plasma half-life, low stability and limited bioavailability. Overdosing of patients with continuous infusions may lead to side effects. Thus, various prodrug strategies and delivery systems have been explored extensively to enhance the half-life, stability and delivery of cytarabine. Alternative, delivery systems of cytarabine have emerged for the treatment of different cancers. The liposomal-cytarabine formulation has been approved for the treatment of lymphomatous meningitis.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2015)
Source:
NDA208169
(2015)
Source URL:
First approved in 2015
Source:
NDA208169
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Uridine triacetate is used to treat an overdose of capecitabine or fluorouracil. In addition, it is used as a pyrimidine analog for uridine replacement indicated for the treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria. Following oral administration, uridine triacetate is deacetylated by nonspecific esterases present throughout the body, yielding uridine in the circulation. Uridine competitively inhibits cell damage and cell death caused by fluorouracil. Uridine can be used by essentially all cells to make uridine nucleotides, compensating for the genetic deficiency in synthesis in patients with hereditary orotic aciduria. When intracellular uridine nucleotides are restored into the normal range, overproduction of orotic acid is reduced by feedback inhibition, so that urinary excretion of orotic acid is also reduced. Adverse reactions occurring in >2% of patients receiving uridine triacetate included vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. In vitro data showed that uridine triacetate was a weak substrate for P-glycoprotein. Due to the potential for high local (gut) concentrations of the drug after dosing, the interaction of uridine triacetate with orally administered P-gp substrate drugs cannot be ruled out.
Status:
US Approved Rx
(2019)
Source:
ANDA208759
(2019)
Source URL:
First approved in 1979
Source:
CERUBIDINE by WYETH AYERST
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer. Specifically, it is used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and Kaposi's sarcoma. Similar to doxorubicin, daunorubicin interacts with DNA by intercalation and inhibition of macromolecular biosynthesis. This inhibits the progression of the enzyme topoisomerase II, which relaxes supercoils in DNA for transcription. Daunorubicin stabilizes the topoisomerase II complex after it has broken the DNA chain for replication, preventing the DNA double helix from being resealed and thereby stopping the process of replication. On binding to DNA, daunomycin intercalates, with its daunosamine residue directed toward the minor groove. It has the highest preference for two adjacent G/C base pairs flanked on the 5' side by an A/T base pair. Daunorubicin should only be administered in a rapid intravenous infusion. It should not be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, since it may cause extensive tissue necrosis. It should also never be administered intrathecally (into the spinal canal), as this will cause extensive damage to the nervous system and may lead to death.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:aspacytarabine [INN]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT03505684: Not Applicable Interventional Completed Skin Manifestations
(2017)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Status:
Investigational
Source:
INN:elacytarabine [INN]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Elacytarabine (CP-4055 or araC-5'elaidic acid ester) is a lipid-conjugated derivative of the nucleoside analog cytarabine. Elacytarabine blocks cell division and may kill cancer cells. It is a type of antimetabolite. It was studied in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors. In preclinical and clinical studies, elacytarabine has demonstrated both safety and efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with noteworthy activity among the cytarabine-refractory AML population. Elacytarabine was granted orphan drug designation status from the European Commission in 2007 and from the US FDA in 2008, with a fast-track approval designation from the FDA in 2010. Elacytarabine development has been discontinued.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT01139151: Phase 1 Interventional Completed Leukemia
(2010)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Thiarabine (also known as OSI-7836) is a new-generation deoxycytidine nucleoside analog with potent anticancer activity. As with other nucleoside analogs, Thiarabine is a prodrug and requires intracellular phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase to the active form (Thiarabine-triphosphate), which then competes with deoxycytidine for incorporation into DNA resulting in cell death. In xenograft studies using lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, and melanoma models, Thiarabine shows superior antitumor activity in most of these tumors, particularly in lung and pancreatic models, compared with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. Thiarabine seems to be less schedule dependent than gemcitabine, showing antitumor activity with a variety of schedules in preclinical studies. In clinical trials, Thiarabine administration was associated with excessive fatigue, and despite changes in its schedule and duration of administration.
Status:
Investigational
Source:
NCT00854737: Phase 2 Interventional Completed Bipolar Disorder
(2004)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Cytidine is a substrate of the uridine-cytidine kinase and is a part nucleic acids. It can serve as a substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis, as a precursor of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathway. Cytidine was also used under the brand name posilent in Germany for the treatment of muscular, accommodative, and nervous eye disorders.
