Inxight Drugs

Search results for "ATC|ANTIPARASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS|ANTIPROTOZOALS" in comments (approximate match)

Showing 1 - 10 of 62 results

FEXINIDAZOLE

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306ERL82IR

Status:

US Approved Rx (2021)

First approved in 2021

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Fexinidazole is an antiparasitic drug, which is in the phase III of clinical trial for the treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis, and in the phase II for the treatment Disease, Chagas and Visceral Leishmaniosis. However, for the Visceral Leishma...

NIFURTIMOX

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M84I3K7C2O

Status:

US Approved Rx (2020)

First approved in 2020

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Conditions:

Nifurtimox is a nitrofuran derivative used as a primary agent in the treatment of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, especially in the acute, early stage of the disease. The efficacy of nifurtimox in the treatment...

SECNIDAZOLE

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R3459K699K

Status:

US Approved Rx (2017)

First approved in 2017

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Conditions:

Secnidazole (trade names Flagentyl, Sindose, Solosec) is a nitroimidazole derivative used to in the treatment of amoebiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Secnidazole and other 5-nitroimidazole drugs enter micro-organisms by passive diffusion and undergo a...

BENZNIDAZOLE

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YC42NRJ1ZD

Status:

US Approved Rx (2017)

First approved in 2011

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Benznidazole is an antiparasitic medication used in first-line treatment of Chagas disease. Benznidazole is a nitroimidazole antiparasitic with good activity against acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, commonly referred to as Chagas disease. Like...

other nitroimidazoles, benznidazole's main mechanism of action is to generate radical species which can damage the parasite's DNA or cellular machinery. Under anaerobic conditions, the nitro group of nitroimidazoles is believed to be reduced by the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase complex to create a reactive nitro radical species. The nitro radical can then either engage in other redox reactions directly or spontaneously give rise to a nitrite ion and imidazole radical instead. In mammals, the principal mediators of electron transport are NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, which have a more positive reduction potential and so will not reduce nitroimidazoles to the radical form. This limits the spectrum of activity of nitroimidazoles so that host cells and DNA are not also damaged. This mechanism has been well-established for 5-nitroimidazoles such as metronidazole, but it is unclear if the same mechanism can be expanded to 2-nitroimidazoles (including benznidazole). In the presence of oxygen, by contrast, any radical nitro compounds produced will be rapidly oxidized by molecular oxygen, yielding the original nitroimidazole compound and a superoxide anion in a process known as "futile cycling". In these cases, the generation of superoxide is believed to give rise to other reactive oxygen species. The degree of toxicity or mutagenicity produced by these oxygen radicals depends on cells' ability to detoxify superoxide radicals and other reactive oxygen species. In mammals, these radicals can be converted safely to hydrogen peroxide, meaning benznidazole has very limited direct toxicity to human cells. In Trypanosoma species, however, there is a reduced capacity to detoxify these radicals, which results in damage to the parasite's cellular machinery. Benznidazole has a significant activity during the acute phase of Chagas disease, with a therapeutical success rate up to 80%. Its curative capabilities during the chronic phase are, however, limited. Some studies have found parasitologic cure (a complete elimination of T. cruzi from the body) in pediatric and young patients during the early stage of the chronic phase, but overall failure rate in chronically infected individuals is typically above 80%. However, some studies indicate treatment with benznidazole during the chronic phase, even if incapable of producing parasitologic cure, because it reduces electrocardiographic changes and a delays worsening of the clinical condition of the patient. Side effects tend to be common and occur more frequently with increased age. The most common adverse reactions associated with benznidazole are allergic dermatitis and peripheral neuropathy. It is reported that up to 30% of people will experience dermatitis when starting treatment. Benznidazole may cause photosensitization of the skin, resulting in rashes. Rashes usually appear within the first 2 weeks of treatment and resolve over time. In rare instances, skin hypersensitivity can result in exfoliative skin eruptions, edema, and fever. Peripheral neuropathy may occur later on in the treatment course and is dose-dependent. Other adverse reactions include anorexia, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and dyslexia, and bone marrow suppression. Gastrointestinal symptoms usually occur during the initial stages of treatment and resolves over time. Bone marrow suppression has been linked to the cumulative dose exposure.

Artenimol

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6A9O50735X

Status:

US Approved Rx (2009)

First approved in 2009

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Targets:

Conditions:

Artemether is an antimalarial agent used to treat acute uncomplicated malaria. It is administered in combination with lumefantrine for improved efficacy against malaria. Artemether is rapidly metabolized into an active metabolite dihydroartemisinin (...

TINIDAZOLE

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033KF7V46H

Status:

US Approved Rx (2004)

First approved in 2004

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Tinidazole is a synthetic antiprotozoal agent, formally known as 1-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and a second-generation 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole. Tinidazole is a prodrug and antiprotozoal agent. The nitro group of tinidazole is...

ATOVAQUONE

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Y883P1Z2LT

Status:

US Approved Rx (2000)

First approved in 1992

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Atovaquone is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of naphthoquinones; it is manufactured in the US in the liquid form, or oral suspension, under the brand name Mepron. Meron is used for the treatment or prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pn...

EFLORNITHINE

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ZQN1G5V6SR

Status:

US Approved Rx (2023)

First approved in 1990

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Conditions:

Eflornithine is a prescription drug indicated in the treatment of facial hirsutism (excessive hair growth). Eflornithine hydrochloride cream for topical application is intended for use in women suffering from facial hirsutism and is sold by Allergan,...

MEFLOQUINE

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TML814419R

Status:

US Approved Rx (2003)

First approved in 1989

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)

Targets:

Conditions:

Mefloquine, sold under the brand names Lariam among others, is a medication used to for the treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria caused by Mefloquineuine-susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum (both chloroquine-susceptible and resistant ...

PENTAMIDINE

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673LC5J4LQ

Status:

US Approved Rx (2023)

First approved in 1984

Class (Stereo):

CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Targets:

Conditions:

Pentamidine (formulated as a salt, pentamidine diisethionate or dimesilate) is an antimicrobial medication given for prevention and treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii), a...

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Search results for "ATC|ANTIPARASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS|ANTIPROTOZOALS" in comments (approximate match)

FEXINIDAZOLE

306ERL82IR

NIFURTIMOX

M84I3K7C2O

SECNIDAZOLE

R3459K699K

BENZNIDAZOLE

YC42NRJ1ZD

Artenimol

6A9O50735X

TINIDAZOLE

033KF7V46H

ATOVAQUONE

Y883P1Z2LT

EFLORNITHINE

ZQN1G5V6SR

MEFLOQUINE

TML814419R

PENTAMIDINE

673LC5J4LQ