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Restrict the search for
amphotericin b
to a specific field?
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1914
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Emetine is a principal alkaloid of ipecac, isolated from the ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha. Early use of emetine was in the form of oral administration of the extract of ipecac root, or ipecacuanha. This extract contains several, including cephaeline, and others. The identification of emetine as a more potent agent improved the treatment of amoebiasis. While the use of emetine still caused nausea, it was more effective than the crude extract of ipecac root. Additionally, emetine could be administered hypodermically which still produced nausea, but not to the degree experienced in oral administration. Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate is used in the laboratory to block protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It does this by binding to the 40S subunit of the ribosome. Emetine induces hypotension by blocking adrenoreceptors. Also, emetine was identified as a specific inhibitor of HIF-2α protein stability and transcriptional activity. Heavy or over usage of emetine can carry the risk of developing proximal myopathy and/or cardiomyopathy.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1914
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Emetine is a principal alkaloid of ipecac, isolated from the ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha. Early use of emetine was in the form of oral administration of the extract of ipecac root, or ipecacuanha. This extract contains several, including cephaeline, and others. The identification of emetine as a more potent agent improved the treatment of amoebiasis. While the use of emetine still caused nausea, it was more effective than the crude extract of ipecac root. Additionally, emetine could be administered hypodermically which still produced nausea, but not to the degree experienced in oral administration. Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate is used in the laboratory to block protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It does this by binding to the 40S subunit of the ribosome. Emetine induces hypotension by blocking adrenoreceptors. Also, emetine was identified as a specific inhibitor of HIF-2α protein stability and transcriptional activity. Heavy or over usage of emetine can carry the risk of developing proximal myopathy and/or cardiomyopathy.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE by GD SEARLE LLC
(1982)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1905
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Procaine is an anesthetic agent indicated for production of local or regional anesthesia, particularly for oral surgery. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine. Procaine is an ester anesthetic. It is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Procaine acts mainly by inhibiting sodium influx through voltage gated sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane of peripheral nerves. When the influx of sodium is interrupted, an action potential cannot arise and signal conduction is thus inhibited. The receptor site is thought to be located at the cytoplasmic (inner) portion of the sodium channel. Procaine has also been shown to bind or antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the serotonin receptor-ion channel complex.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
ALLONAL AMINOPHENAZONE by ROCHE
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1897
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Aminophenazone is a phenyl-pyrazolone derivative with potent analgesic and antipyretic properties. Aminophenazone has been used as salt or complexes, including topically as the salicylate. It was recommended for the treatment of a fever, neuralgia, myositis, acute rheumatism, arthritis, chorea. In 1999 the FDA suspended aminophenazone. The drug caused agranulocytosis. Some of the cases of agranulocytosis were fatal. Another reason for suspending this drug from the market was its ability to react with nitrite-containing food, thus forming carcinogenic nitrosamines. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of cytochrome P-450 metabolic activity in liver function tests.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Narcotine by Merck
(1897)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1897
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Noscapine (also known as Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen, Anarcotine and (archaic) Opiane) is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from plants of the poppy family, without painkilling properties. This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. Noscapine is often used as an antitussive medication. A 2012 Dutch guideline, however, does not recommend its use for coughing. Noscapine can increase the effects of centrally sedating substances such as alcohol and hypnotics. Noscapine should not be taken in conjunction with warfarin as the anticoagulant effects of warfarin may be increased. Noscapine, and its synthetic derivatives called noscapinoids, are known to interact with microtubules and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Mechanisms for its antitussive action are unknown, although animal studies have suggested central nervous system as a site of action. Furthermore, noscapine causes apoptosis in many cell types and has potent antitumor activity against solid murine lymphoid tumors (even when the drug was administered orally) and against human breast and bladder tumors implanted in nude mice. Because noscapine is water-soluble and absorbed after oral administration, its chemotherapeutic potential in human cancer merits thorough evaluation. Antifibrotic effect of noscapine based on novel mechanism, which it shows through EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
21 CFR 310.502(a) certain drugs 3,3_,4,5_-tetrachlorosalicylanilide
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
3,3′,4′,5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA) is an apoptosis-inducing photosensitizer for keratinocytes. It was studied as a causative agent of photo contact dermatitis and drug photosensitivity. TCSA was used as a metabolic uncoupler in activated sludge biological wastewater treatment systems to reduce the amount of the produced sludge.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
21 CFR 310.545(a)(8)(i) digestive aid bismuth sodium tartrate
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Bismuth tartrate was used for the treatment of syphilis. There are death reports associated with bismuth compounds usage in syphilis treatment.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
First approved in 2025
Source:
505G(a)(3)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
D-(-)-tartaric acid is isomer of tartaric acid, that industrially produced in the largest amounts. D-(-)-Tartaric acid may be used in the preparation of enantiospecific homochiral cis-4-formyl β-lactams. It may also be used as a starting material in the synthesis of D-erythro-sphingosine and L-lyxo-phytosphingosine. D-(-)-tartaric acid is widely used as an acidizing agent for beverages and other foods, and this use is similar to citric acid. Tartaric acid can be used as an acid dye mordant when it is combined with tannin. It is also used for some development and fixing operations in the photographic industry. D-(-)-Tartaric Acid is used in the preparation of synthetic analgesics. Tartaric acid is metabolically inert in the human body. When taken by mouth, only about 20% of ingested tartrate is eliminated in the urine; the remainder is not absorbed as such since it is destroyed in the intestinal tract by bacterial action. Sodium tartrate in daily doses of up to 10 or even 20 g has been used in medical practice as a laxative.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
M017
(2024)
Source URL:
First approved in 2024
Source:
M017
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
M017
(2024)
Source URL:
First approved in 2024
Source:
M017
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
![Structure of 2-Fluoro-4-[7-(6-quinolinyl methyl)-imidazo[1,2-b] [1,2,4] trazin-2-yl]benzoic acid dihydrochloride](/img/6ccdf27a-1460-40a5-9712-f89b2499cc1e.svg?size=200&context=ffnmbahgle)
