Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P) is a coenzyme, the active form of vitamin B6. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is used as a cofactor for a wide range of enzymes including mitochondrial cysteine desulfurase, cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS), ornithine 4,5-aminomutase (OAM), and d-serine dehydratase. The versatility of PLP arises from its ability to covalently bind the substrate, and then to act as an electrophilic catalyst, thereby stabilizing different types of carbanionic reaction intermediates. PLP acts as a coenzyme in all transamination reactions, in various beta-elimination reactions, in the condensation reaction in heme synthesis.

Melengestrol is a steroidal progestin and antineoplastic agent which was never marketed. An acylated derivative, melengestrol acetate, is used as a growth promoter in animals. Melengestrol acetate (MGA) is one of six steroidal hormone growth promoters approved for use in Canada and USA. These products are used to improve growth rate and feed efficiency, as well as to suppress estrus in beef heifers (CFIA 2008). They are not approved for use in any species other than beef cattle meant for slaughter. MGA is the only drug of its kind that is administered in animal feed, and its labelled dose in Canada is 0.4mg per heifer per day (CFIA 2008). A mandatory withdrawal of 2 days before slaughter is applied to any animal that is administered MGA.

Morantel (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl pyrimidine) is a tetrahydro-pyrimidine anthelmintic, differing from the related analogue pyrantel by the presence of a methyl group on the thiophene ring. Morantel tartrate, manufactured by Pfizer, Inc., was approved in the United States for use in cattle in 1981, and entered the market in early 1982. Three formulations have been approved in the United States: RUMATEL® Medicated Premix-88; RUMATEL Cattle Wormer Bolus, and PARATECT FLEX™ Diffuser, a sustained release bolus. It is intended to treat roundworms and tapeworms. Morantel is administered in lactating and non lactating cattle as morantel tartrate as a slow-release bolus (11.8 g morantel base per animal) or as a single oral dose of 6 to 7.5 mg morantel base/kg bw and in pigs at a single dose equivalent to 7.5 mg base/kg bw. In sheep, the citrate salt is administered at a single dose equivalent to 5 to 6 mg morantel base/kg bw. Morantel acts as a potent agonist at the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle cells of nematodes. Activation of the acetylcholine receptors induces a prolonged, spastic paralysis of the worms and expulsion from the host. It also been reported to block neurotransmission in vertebrates, to possess nicotine-like properties and to mimic acetylcholine at receptors in autonomic ganglia, adrenal medullae and respiratory tissues. Morantel and its salts are not used in human medicines.

Salinomycin as a promising anticancer drug candidate exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Its salt, salinomycin sodium, is an ionophore anticoccidial for use in chickens to prevent coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella, E.necatrix, E.acervulina, E.maxima, E.brunetti and E.mivati.

Robenidine (l,3-6ts (p-chlorobenzylidenamino) guanidine hydrochloride) is an effective anticoccidial, first introduced by Kantor, Kennett, Waletzky & Tomcufcik (1970). It does not affect the earliest stages in the coccidial life-cycle and its main activity is against the almost mature first generation schizont. It is used as an aid in the prevention of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria mivati, E. brunetti, E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. necatrix in broiler chickens.

Cuprous Sulfide (Cu2S) occurs in nature as the mineral and has very different two-dimensional lattice structures, along with excellent electro-catalysis and high conductivity. Recently published article has shown that nanocomposites incorporated with Cu2S nanoflowers can be used for skin tumor therapy and wound healing.