Omtriptolide (previously known as PG490-88 or F60008), an immunosuppressant that has been shown to be the safe and potent antitumor agent and it has been approved entry into Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of prostate cancer in the USA. In addition, the drug is participating in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Experiments on animals have shown omtriptolide was highly effective in the prevention of murine graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The immunosuppressive effect of the drug was mediated by inhibition of alloreactive T cell expansion through interleukin-2 production. However, this study was discontinued. Recently published article has shown omtriptolide possesses the potential as a prophylactic agent to prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury.

Trigonelline is a pyridine derivative known to contribute indirectly to the formation of desirable flavor products, including furans, pyrazine, alkyl-pyridines, and pyrroles, during coffee roasting. The amount of trigonelline in arabica is higher than that in robusta green coffee beans, and thus it can be used as a marker compound to distinguish the coffee bean species. During the roasting process of coffee beans, trigonelline changes into N-methylpyridinium and nicotinic acid as its major products, which makes it a useful index of the degree of roasting. The importance of trigonelline in coffee is connected to nutritional aspects. It has been revealed in recent studies that the administration of trigonelline allows diabetic rats to avoid diabetes-related organ damage and live longer, which can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver/kidney dysfunctions. In addition, the urinary concentrations of trigonelline and its thermal product N-methylpyridinium of coffee drinkers are higher than those of noncoffee drinkers, which indicates that trigonelline and N-methylpyridinium may have potential as dietary biomarkers that could be used as analytical probes to control compliance in human intervention studies on coffee. Trigonelline has been isolated from many plants: fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum, hence the name), garden peas, hemp seed, oats, potatoes, Stachys species, dahlia, Strophanthus species, and Dichapetalum cymosum. In a randomized cross-over trial, the critical effect of Trigonelline on glucose tolerance has been studied during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 15 overweight men. Results showed that glucose and insulin concentrations significantly reduced 15minutes after Trigonelline consumption compared with placebo.

Sodium tripolyphosphate hexahydrate (sodium trimetaphosphate) is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder". It may also be used as a buffering agent. It has been shown that fluoride varnishes containing sodium trimetaphosphate reduce enamel demineralization. Sodium trimetaphosphate enhances the effect of 250 p.p.m. fluoride toothpaste against enamel demineralization in vitro. It also demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, especially against S. mutans, and may be considered a potential alternative for new dental materials.

Mevastatin (compactin or ML-236B) is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This drug induces apoptosis and arrest of cancer cells in G1 phase. Therapeutic effects of mevastatin on serum level of lipoproteins and unbiquinone-10 in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia were investigated. However, that study was discontinued. In addition, mevastatin was investigated for the treatment of melanoma. It was suggested, that mevastatin was unlikely to prevent melanoma at standard doses. However, higher doses could have a role to play in adjuvant therapy by inhibiting growth and invasion of melanoma cells. Also was revealed, that mevastatin increased histone deacetylase inhibitor, LBH589-induced cell death in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells.

Pirlindole is a selective and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) subtype A (MAO-A). It exerts an inhibitory effect on noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptakes. It has no effect on the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. It has only a low potential for amplifying tyramine and noradrenaline pressor effect, which makes one expect that it will not be at the basis of a ‘cheese effect’. Pirlindole was approved in some European and non-European countries for the treatment of depression. The antidepressant efficacy and safety of pirlindole have been demonstrated in a number of placebo- and active comparator-controlled studies and are supported by many years of clinical experience in the treatment of depression. The drug's efficacy and safety have also been demonstrated in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome. Pirlindole has a favorable tolerability profile, with no deleterious effect on cardiovascular dynamics. The effect of pirlindole on sensorimotor performance relevant to driving a motor vehicle is similar to that of placebo, as pirlindole appears to have an activating rather than a sedating antidepressant profile. Pirlindole prevented qualitative alteration (transformation) in the catalytic activity of membrane-bound type A monoamine oxidases (MAO-A), pathogenetically important for the development of the audiogenic seizures.