2′-Deoxycytidine (deoxyC) is one of the deoxy nucleosides, which after phosphorylation to dCTP is used to synthesize DNA via various DNA polymerases or reverse transcriptases. Deoxycytidine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). This enzyme catalyzes the initial conversion of the nucleosides deoxyadenosine (dA), deoxyguanosine (dG), and deoxycytidine (dC) into their monophosphate forms, with subsequent phosphorylation to the triphosphate forms performed by additional enzymes.

beta-Caryophyllene alcohol is a fragrance ingredient used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Its use worldwide is in the region of <0.1 metric tonnes per annum. In vivo studies found that b-Caryophyllene alcohol significantly inhibited asthma induced by histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pigs with the efficacy lasting for at least 6 hours and with the potency equivalent to aminophylline. Inhibition of airway inflammation and scavenging of free radical and reactive oxygen species was one of the mechanisms of anti-asthmatic action

2-Hexenal belongs to the aldehyde and exists in two isomeric forms: cis (Z) and greater importance form, trans (E). Trans-2-hexenal was studied as a potential antifungal compound that can inhibits Aspergillus flavus Spore Germination. The inhibition takes place by the disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the induction of early apoptosis. Besides, trans-2-hexenal can be an alternative fumigation agent for controlling M. incognita on tomato crops. Botanical nematicides have recently received increasing interest because of the high risks of some traditional nematicides to human health and the environment.