U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 61 - 70 of 47384 results

PF-04449913 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the Hh signaling pathway through binding to the target, smoothened. PF-04449913 inhibits Hh signaling in vitro and has demonstrated significant antitumor activity in vivo. In the clinic, PF-04449913 is being evaluated both in hematological and solid malignancies, with a phase II trial currently underway in both fit and unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Treatment-related adverse-events were nausea, dizziness, somnolence, QT prolongation and pruritus. Based on pre-clinical assessments, CYP3A4 is believed to be primarily involved in the metabolism of PF-04449913 that is why PF-04449913 plasma exposures and peak concentrations were increased following concurrent administration of ketoconazole (CYP3A4 inhibitor).
Stiripentol is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It recently proved to increase the GABAergic transmission in vitro in an experimental model of immature rat. Clinical studies were based on the fact that STP also acts as an inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19 in vivo in epileptic patients. Side effects are largely due to the increase in plasma concentrations of other anticonvulsants and can be reduced by lowering the dose of those drugs. Nausea and vomiting are particularly noted when used in combination with sodium valproate. It appears to increase the potency of phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, clobazam and diazepam.
Omadacycline is a tetracyclin-derivative antibiotic, originated in Tufts University, and later co-developed by Merck and Paratek Pharmaceuticals. The drug was approved for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Omadacycline tosylate is available as tablets and in injectable form.
Dacomitinib is an oral, once-daily, pan-HER inhibitor. It is an irreversible inhibitor of HER-1 (EGFR), HER-2 and HER-4 tyrosine kinases. Dacomtinib is being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials against nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Direct comparison with erlotinib did not show superiority of dacomtinib, but subgroup analysis have demonstrated that subgroup with exon 19 deletion had favorable outcomes with dacomitinib. In addition to nonsmall-cell lung cancer dacomtinib is being evaluated against esophagus, head and neck and other neoplasms. Due to its ability to pass through blood-brain barrier, dacomitinib can be used to treat brain tumors.
Amifampridine (Firdapse), currently approved in the European Union, is the first and only approved drug for the symptomatic treatment of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) in adults, a rare autoimmune disease with the primary symptoms of muscle weakness. In LEMS, the body’s own immune system attacks connections between nerves and muscles and disrupts the ability of nerve cells to send signals to muscle cells. Amifampridine blocks voltage-dependent potassium channels, thereby prolonging pre-synaptic cell membrane depolarization. Prolonging the action potential enhances the transport of calcium into the nerve ending. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium concentrations facilitates exocytosis of acetylcholine containing vesicles, which in turn enhances neuromuscular transmission. Amifampridine phosphate has been granted Orphan Drug Designation and Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS).

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Tecovirimat (ST-246) is a low-molecular-weight compound (molecular weight = 376), that is potent (concentration that inhibited virus replication by 50% = 0.010 microM), selective (concentration of compound that inhibited cell viability by 50% = >40 microM), and active against multiple orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia, monkeypox, camelpox, cowpox, ectromelia (mousepox), and variola viruses. The antiviral activity is specific for orthopoxviruses and the compound does not inhibit the replication of other RNA- and DNA-containing viruses or inhibit cell proliferation at concentrations of compound that are antiviral. ST-246 targets vaccinia virus p37, a viral protein required for envelopment and secretion of extracellular forms of virus. The compound is orally bioavailable and protects multiple animal species from lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. rug substance and drug product processes have been developed and commercial scale batches have been produced using Good Manufacturing Processes (GMP). Human phase I clinical trials have shown that ST-246 is safe and well tolerated in healthy human volunteers. Based on the results of the clinical evaluation, once a day dosing should provide plasma drug exposure in the range predicted to be antiviral based on data from efficacy studies in animal models of orthopoxvirus disease.

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid developed for the treatment of different inflammatory and immune conditions. The drug is rapidly metabolized to an active metabolite, 21-hydroxy-deflazaxort that may cross the blood brain barrier. Deflazacort acts by suppressing inflammatory response.
(+)-alpha-Dihydrotetrabenazine (HTBZ) is an active component of tetrabenazine. Tetrabenazine is a mixture of closely-related compounds (isomers) and is readily metabolized in the human body to HTBZ and related isomers. Tetrabenazine is a drug for the symptomatic treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorder and is marketed under the trade names Nitoman in Canada and Xenazine in New Zealand and some parts of Europe, and is also available in the USA as an orphan drug. (+)-alpha-Dihydrotetrabenazine and related benzo[a]quinolizines have been labeled with tritium and carbon-11 radioisotopes and used for in vitro and in vivo studies of the VMAT2 in animal and human brain. Adeptio Pharmaceuticals is developing alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine (HTBZ) for the treatment of neurological disorders. It acts by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby blocking the transport of dopamine into axon terminals or into storage vesicles.
Enasidenib, aslo known as AG-221 and CC-90007, is a potent and selective IDH2 inhibitor with potential anticancer activity (IDH2 = Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2). The mutations of IDH2 present in certain cancer cells result in a new ability of the enzyme to catalyze the NAPH-dependent reduction of α-ketoglutarate to R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). The production of 2HG is believed to contribute to the formation and progression of cancer. The inhibition of mutant IDH2 and its neoactivity is therefore a potential therapeutic treatment for cancer. Enasidenib is an orally available, selective, potent inhibitor of the mutated IDH2 protein, making it a highly targeted investigational medicine for the potential treatment of patients with cancers that harbor an IDH2 mutation. Enasidenib has received orphan drug and fast track designations from the U.S. FDA. Enasidenib mesylate is in phase II clinical trials for Solid tumours and phase III clinical trials for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Acalabrutinib, also known as ACP-196, is a novel irreversible second-generation Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, which prevents the activation of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and that, was rationally designed to be more potent and selective than ibrutinib. This drug in clinical trials phase III for treatment the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Also in combination with others drugs, Acalabrutinib in phase II of clinical trials for the treatment Glioblastoma Multiforme, Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Rheumatoid Arthritis and some others.