δ-Tocopherol (δ-T) is a chiral organic molecule belonging to the group of tocopherol, that vary in their degree of methylation of the phenol moiety of the chromanol ring. It was revealed, that δ-Tocopherol had a more potent anticancer activity in solid tumors compared to the other tocopherols, δ-T possessed antileukemic activity of in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). δ-T induced tumor cell death through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) induction, cyclin-D1 inhibition, and modulation of redox balance. In addition, on animal models was found, that δ-tocopherol was more active than α- or γ-tocopherol in inhibiting lung tumor growth, possibly through trapping reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and inducing apoptosis.

Thioctic acid also known as alpha-lipoic acid is a dietary supplement, which is a common ingredient in OTC (over-the-counter) multivitamin formulas and anti-aging supplements. Thioctic acid exists in both R- and S-enantiomeric forms, however, only R-form is essential as a cofactor in biological systems (the acid is coupled via an amide linkage to a lysine of several multienzyme complexes, such as the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, the glycine cleavage system and the branched-chain oxo acid dehydrogenase complex). Most commercially available thioctic acid supplements are a mixture of both R and S enantiomers or R-form alone. Several studies have shown that the acid has beneficial effect on diabetes complications, cancer, glaucome, liver disease, etc. The mechanisms of thioctic acid is related to its antioxidant properties, metal chelator properties, however, those mechanisms need futher confirmation.

Alfadex also known as α-cyclodextrin, is used as an inactive ingredient in order to improve the water solubility of the different drugs, e.g. edex: is a sterile, pyrogen-free powder containing alprostadil in an alfadex inclusion complex. After intravenous infusion of radiolabeled α-cyclodextrin to healthy volunteers, the radiolabeled components were rapidly eliminated within 24-hours, urine accounting for 81-83% of radioactivity and feces for 0.1%. There was no evidence of significant accumulation of radiolabeled α-cyclodextrin in the body even after 7 days of repeated intravenous injection. After intracavernous administration in monkeys, radiolabeled α¬ cyclodextrin was rapidly distributed from the injection site with less than 0.1% of the dose remaining in the penis 1 hour after administration. There was no evidence of tissue retention of radiolabeled α-cyclodextrin in monkeys.

Tocophersolan (Vedrop, tocofersolan) or d-alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (TPGS) is a watersoluble derivative of the natural active (d-alpha) isomer of vitamin E. The active constituent of the medicinal product is essentially vitamin E (alpha tocopherol). Chronic congenital or hereditary cholestasis is a clinical condition where vitamin E deficiency results from an impaired bile secretion. Decreased intestinal absorption observed in chronic congenital or hereditary cholestatic patients is due to decreased bile secretion and the resulting decrease in intestinal cellular absorption. As a result, fatsoluble vitamins (i.e. vit. E) are not absorbed properly and deficiency can occur. Tocophersolan (Vedrop) is used to treat or prevent vitamin E deficiency (low vitamin E levels). It is used in children up to the age of 18 years who have congenital or hereditary chronic cholestasis and who cannot absorb vitamin E from the gut. Tocophersolan (Tocofersolan) can be absorbed from the gut in children who have difficulty absorbing fats and vitamin E from the diet. This can increase vitamin E levels in the blood and help to prevent neurological deterioration (problems in the nervous system) due to vitamin E deficiency. No treatment-related findings were reported, as all clinical observations and findings at autopsy were similar in treatment and control groups. In many of the studies, the LD50 was not determined as tocofersolan was well tolerated.