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Restrict the search for
betaine
to a specific field?
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Betonicine (trans-2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-1,1,-dimethylpyrrolidinium hydroxide, inner salt) and its cis isomer, turicine, are naturally occurring substituted pyrrolidines. Betonicine was used as an analgesic 1000 years ago and is still available commercially from herbalists today. Betonicine has been isolated from Achillea millefolium L. (Compositae) and probably from A. atrata L. (Compositae); it is an alkaloid. Proline betaine and Betonicine were identified as metabolically inert cell protectants against extremes in osmolarity and growth temperatures.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Stachydrine, a pyrrolidine betaine, was first isolated from seed husk and the pulp of the fruit of C. Leonurus, and many other Asian plants and fruits. Stachydrine is an anti-metastatic agent. Stachydrine hydrochloride induces apoptosis in MCF-7 and T47D cells and exerts inhibitory effects on proliferation by concurrently suppressing Akt and ERK survival signals, suggesting its potential efficiency in treatment of breast cancer. Stachydrine (Sta) has also been reported to possess numerous cardioprotective effects. It ameliorated pressure overload-induced diastolic heart failure by suppressing myocardial fibrosis.
