Methyl cholate is a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor. It exhibited inhibitory effect on the later step of cholesterol biosynthesis, indicating that its action mode is different from that of statins that act on the HMG-CoA reductase.

Echinacoside is a caffeic acid glycoside which is constituted from a trisaccharide consisting of two glucose and one rhamnose moieties glycosidically linked to one caffeic acid and on hydroxytyrosol residue at the centrally situated rhamnose. Echinacoside is the basic component of the roots of E. angustifolia and E. pallida, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0%. Echinacoside is reported to possess the immunostimulatory and high antioxidant activities