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Restrict the search for
m nalidixic acid
to a specific field?
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Cyclic GMP is a cellular regulatory agent that acts as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of signals (acetylcholine, insulin, oxytocin). cGMP is involved in the regulation of kinases G. cGMP binds to sites on the regulatory units of protein kinase G (PKG) and activates the catalytic units, enabling them to phosphorylate their substrates. cGMP is a common regulator of ion channel conductance, glycogenolysis, and cellular apoptosis. It also relaxes smooth muscle tissues. In blood vessels, relaxation of vascular smooth muscles lead to vasodilation and increased blood flow. cGMP is a secondary messenger in phototransduction in the eye. In the photoreceptors of the mammalian eye, the presence of light activates cGMP phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which degrades cGMP. The sodium ion channels in photoreceptors are cGMP-gated, so degradation of cGMP causes sodium channels to close, which leads to the hyperpolarization of the photoreceptor's plasma membrane and ultimately to visual information being sent to the brain. Mutations in the cGMP phosphodiesterase cause defects in cGMP metabolism leading to retinal disease. Inhibition of cGMP degrading PDE5 by its selective inhibitor sildenafil induced migraine without aura in 10 of 12 migraine patients and in healthy subjects.
There is no information, related to the pharmacological application of D-gulonic acid. But is known, that it is a component of the herb Centella asiatica, and can form a complexes with tungsten(VI) and molybdenum(VI), in aqueous solutions. In addition, was studied how D-gulonic acid could serve as a immobilization support for mushroom tyrosinase.
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. An aromatic sulfonic acid, often used as a strong acid catalyst. p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate has been used as a reducing agent for the reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes. In the presence of p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate novel deazaflavin-cholestane hybrid compounds have been synthesized in a condensation reaction. 2-Phenylethyl alpha-glucoside has also been synthesized in the presence of p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate. p-toluenesulfonic acid esters, are a common class of reagents used in the pharmaceutical
industry as alkylating agents, catalysts, and in purification steps of the chemical synthesis of a drug substance.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
(Z)-Guggulsterone is a natural product that lowers cholesterol due to its function as an antagonist ligand for the bile acid receptor. (Z)-Guggulsterone is a nuclear hormone receptor that regulates the transcription of several genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and plays a role in cholesterol level regulation. (Z)-Guggulsterone is also a selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulator. Both Guggulsterone isomers were demonstrated to suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation. GS has medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, muscle relaxing, hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity, antimycobacterial, antischistomal, larvicidal, and molluscicida.
