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Restrict the search for
glutathione disulfide
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Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Vapreotide (Sanvar) is cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with higher metabolic stability than the parent hormone and developed by Debiopharm Group for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic liver disease and AIDS-related diarrhea. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of vasodilatory peptides from the gastrointestinal tract, including glucagon, which has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of portal hypertension. While natural somatostatin has a very short half-life (3 min), the elimination half-life of vapreotide is reported to be approximately 10 times longer than that of its parent compound. Pharmacodynamic studies of healthy volunteers demonstrated suppression of gastric acid secretion and inhibition of the secretion of pancreatic enzyme, which is similar to somatostatin. Vapreotide has demonstrated efficacy in the early management of acute variceal hemorrhage but only based on combined primary endpoints of hemostasis and survival after 5 days. In addition, vapreotide’s efficacy is limited to only one major study performed in Europe and not yet in the United States. Although it did not show a significant reduction in mortality, vapreotide’s observed the effect on hemostasis, as well as its favorable safety profile. Adverse effects that occurred in the vapreotide trials were generally mild and primarily included gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the gastrointestinal hormonal system. Vapreotide not recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Panel due to Insufficient evidence that the drug provided a benefit in the treatment for acute esophageal variceal bleeding.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
POR-8 by Huguenin, R.L.|Boissonnas, R.A.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Ornipressin (ornithine-8-vasopressin, POR-8), is a synthetic vasopressin analogue. Ornipressin produces vasoconstriction via vasopressin V1A receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell contraction. Ornipressin is used to control
bleeding in surgical practice. It was introduced in 1971, and approved for use in Germany, Switzerland, New Zealand and Australia.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01673399: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Implantation Failure
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Atosiban (brand name Tractocile) is a competitive antagonist of human oxytocin at receptor level. In rats and guinea pigs, atosiban was shown to bind to oxytocin receptors, to decrease the frequency of contractions and
the tone of the uterine musculature, resulting in a suppression of uterine contractions. Atosiban was also shown to bind to the vasopressin receptor, thus inhibiting the effect of vasopressin. Tractocile is indicated to delay imminent pre-term birth in pregnant adult women with:
− regular uterine contractions of at least 30 seconds duration at a rate of ≥ 4 per 30 minutes
− a cervical dilation of 1 to 3 cm (0-3 for nulliparas) and effacement of ≥ 50%
− a gestational age from 24 until 33 completed weeks
− a normal foetal heart rate.
Atosiban does not have U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approval for use in the United States.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Thiamine Disulfide Nitrate is a vitamin B1 derivative. It is used as a component of vitamin complexes for the treatment of neurological and other disorders
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
CAPOZIDE by Bristol-Myers Squibb
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
CAPOZIDE (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP) for oral administration combines two antihypertensive agents: captopril and hydrochlorothiazide. The mechanism of action of captopril has not yet been fully elucidated. Captopril prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibition of ACE, a peptidyldipeptide carboxy hydrolase. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to thiazide class of diuretics. It reduces blood volume by acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na+) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. CAPOZIDE (captopril and hydrochlorothiazide tablets, USP) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. The blood pressure lowering effects of captopril and thiazides are approximately additive. Major side effects are: Black, tarry stools; chest pain; chills; cough; fever; painful or difficult urination; shortness of breath; sore throat; sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth; swollen glands; unusual bleeding or bruising; unusual tiredness or weakness. It has been reported that indomethacin may reduce the antihypertensive effect of captopril, especially in cases of low renin hypertension. Captopril’s effect will be augmented by antihypertensive agents that cause renin release. For example, diuretics (e.g., thiazides) may activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Neurobion by Williams, R.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Thiamine disulfide is a vitamin B1 derivative. It is used as a component of vitamin complexes for the treatment of neurological and other disorders associated with disturbance of metabolic functions influenced by B-complex vitamins, including diabetic polyneuropathy, alcoholic peripheral neuritis and post-influenzal neuropathies, for the treatment of neuritis and neuralgia of the spinal nerves, especially facial paresis, cervical syndrome, low back pain, and ischialgia. It has being shown to be a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (type-1) production, suggesting that thiamine disulfide may be important for AIDS chemotherapy.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01998620: Phase 4 Interventional Unknown status Hepatitis B
(2013)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)
Conditions:
S-Adenosylmethionine (often referred to as SAMe) is a methyl donor and a cofactor for enzyme-catalyzed methylations, including catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although present in all cells, it is concentrated in liver where 85% of all methylation reactions occur. SAM is anti-apoptotic in normal hepatocytes and normal colon epithelial cells but pro-apoptotic in liver human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HepG2 cells and colon cancer cells. Because of structural instability, stable salt forms of SAM are required for its use as an oral drug. The commonly used salts: tosylate, butanedisulfonate, disulfate tosylate, disulfate ditosylate, and disulfate monotosylate. SAMe has been marketed in some European countries since the mid-1980s for the treatment of depression and for other medical conditions such as osteoarthritis (joint disease that causes joint pain and stiffness), fibromyalgia (widespread pain and stiffness). In addition, it is used to treat liver disease and migraine headaches. However, it is not formally approved in the UK for the treatment of depression, and in the USA, it is classified only as a dietary supplement. Some research suggests that it is more effective than placebo in treating mild-to-moderate depression and is just as effective as antidepressant medications without the side effects (headaches, sleeplessness, and sexual dysfunction). In addition, antidepressants tend to take 6 to 8 weeks to begin working, while It seems to begin more quickly. Researchers are not sure how SAMe works to relieve depression. But they speculate it might increase the amount of serotonin in the brain just as some antidepressants do. Many studies have examined injectable forms of SAMe, not oral supplements.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02200978: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Childhood Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
(2011)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide (also known as Realgar, "ruby sulfur" or "ruby of arsenic") is an arsenic compound with antitumor activity, especially in acute promyelocytic leukemia that is resistant to retinoic acid. Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide is a soft, sectile mineral occurring in monoclinic crystals, or in granular, compact, or powdery form, often in association with the related mineral, orpiment. Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide is in wide use in traditional Chinese medicine. Early clinical exploration of Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide for the treatment of AML and CML started in the 1960s and suggested that Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide was a potent agent for leukemia treatment. Recently, a single-center pilot study demonstrated that Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide treatment was effective and convenient for treating low-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. Based on these clinical achievements, Tetraarsenic Tetrasulfide has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration and recommended as a second-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in China
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Bromosulfoftaleina Sodium by Rosenthal, S.M.|White, E.C.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is a dye with a high affinity for organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and has been used as a substrate for multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp2). BSP is transported into hepatocytes by OATPs and, after conjugation to glutathione, is excreted into bile by Mrp2.3 It was found to inhibit the aldo-keto reductase ARK1C20. Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) is used in diagnosis of hepatic disorders.It is also used for the quantitative determination of proteins.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01577043: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Acute Diarrhea
(2011)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Racecadotril (acetorphan) is an oral enkephalinase inhibitor for use in the treatment of acute diarrhea. Racecadotril reduces hypersecretion of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, by preventing the degradation of endogenous enkephalins. Treatment with racecadotril reduces the incidence and duration of acute diarrhea and reduces diarrhea-associated symptoms compared with placebo in adults. Racecadotril treatment also results in significant reductions in stool output compared with placebo in infants and young children aged 2 months to 4 years with acute diarrhea. Both rotavirus-negative and rotavirus-positive infections appear to respond to treatment in the pediatric populations investigated for this infection. Racecadotril shows similar or slightly reduced efficacy to loperamide in the treatment of diarrhea in adults and children aged up to 10 years. However, in comparative trials, racecadotril was associated with fewer adverse events than loperamide, in particular, post-treatment constipation. Racecadotril is available in France (where it was first introduced in ~1990) and other European countries (including Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain and the Czech Republic) as well as most of South America and some South East Asian countries (including China, India and Thailand), but not in the United States.
