Gamolenic acid also known as gamma-linolenic acid is a natural component of Oenothera biennis L. (Evening Primrose). Gamolenic acid was used for the treatment of breast painand atopic dermatitis in Europe, although now the drug is withdrawn from the market (there is no safety issue associated with the withdrawal of the licences). The mechanism of action of gamolenic acid is connected with its interaction with prostanoid pathway.

Menthyl 2-hydroxypropyl carbonate is a methyl ester used as a flavoring and cooling agent. It provides a prolonged physiological cooling sensation to the skin or mucus membrane. It is used in gum or confections.

Rabacfosadine was approved in 2017 under the brand name Tanovea-CA1 for the treatment of canine lymphoma. In addition, this drug has demonstrated effectiveness against non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in dogs, as well as canine cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and relapsed canine B-cell lymphoma. Rabacfosadine a prodrug, which is hydrolyzed intracellularly to the metabolites, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-N6-cyclopropyl-2,6-diaminopurine (cPrPMEDAP) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG). PMEG is then converted to its active phosphorylated form, which is a chain-terminating inhibitor of the replicative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerases.

Melarsomine (melarsomine dihydrochloride) is an organic arsenical chemotherapeutic agent and is a trypanocidal antiparasitic drug. As of 2016 DIROBAN, a generic melarsomine dihydrochloride product, is the only FDA-approved treatment for adult heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in dogs. It is not approved for treatment in cats, or dogs in late-stage infection. It is marketed by Merial under the trade name Immiticide and is not currently available in the U.S. due to a manufacturing shortage. Sponsored by Anzac Animal Health, LLC and distributed by Zoetis, Inc., DIROBAN is a prescription animal drug supplied as a sterile powder that must be reconstituted with an accompanying sterile water diluent. The exact mode of action on D. immitis is unknown. Post-treatment mortality due to thromboembolism and/or progression of the underlying disease may occur in 10 to 20% of the Class 3 patients treated with DIROBAN.

Cinnamic acid is a polyphenol found in cinnamon oil and used in commercial flavorings. Recent studies have shown the pharmacological properties of cinnamic acid and its derivatives, including hepatoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. In preclinical studies cinnamic acid demonstrated to be a promising candidate for the treatment ob obesity and diabetes. The mechanism of action of cinnamic acid in obesity is explained by its ability to inhibit lipases and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme). However, there are several hypotesis regarding the effect of cinnamic acid in diabetes: cinnamic acid enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion, prevents palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity, inhibits palmitic acid-induced alteration of lipogenic gene and protein expression (AMPK, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC), inhibits DPP IV, exhibits an additive effect on the uptake of glucose, stimulates adiponectin secretion, etc.