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Restrict the search for
dopamine
to a specific field?
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
4-Methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA, para-Methoxymethamphetamine) is a stimulant and psychedelic drug closely related to the amphetamine-class serotonergic drug para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA). Little is known about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-Methoxymethamphetamine. Because of its structural similarity to para-methoxyamphetamine, which has known toxicity in humans, it is thought to have considerable potential to cause harmful side effects or death in overdose. In the early 2010s, a number of deaths in users of the drug MDMA were linked to misrepresented tablets and capsules of 4-Methoxymethamphetamine. In 2010–2013, a cluster of 29 fatal poisonings related to the toxic designer drug 4-Methoxymethamphetamine was revealed in Norway. The toxicity of PMMA is regarded as substantially higher than for amphetamine, methamphetamine, and MDMA, as indicated by 131 fatal and 31 nonfatal poisonings associated with the abuse of 4-Methoxymethamphetamine worldwide. The toxicity of 4-Methoxymethamphetamine is positively correlated with the 4-Methoxymethamphetamine dose and the blood drug level, but the existing literature indicates that certain human subjects may have an increased risk of 4-Methoxymethamphetamine toxicity. 4-Methoxymethamphetamine, like PMA most likely acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably less effective as a serotonin releaser with properties more akin to a reuptake inhibitor in comparison. It evokes robust hyperthermia while producing only modest hyperactivity and serotonergic neurotoxicity, substantially lower than that caused by MDMA.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
(R)-SKF-83959 (MCL 202) is enantiomer of D1 receptor agonist SKF-83959. (R)-SKF-83959 is reported to be a functionally selective dopamine D1 and D5 receptors ligand with much lower affinity to dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. (R)-SKF-83959 like SKF-83959, produced dose related effects on overt behavior (eye blinking) and schedule-controlled performance in squirrel monkeys. (R)-SKF-83959 increases in eye blinking and decreases in rates of fixed-ratio responding. In contrast to the effects of its S-(-) enantiomer, was relatively devoid of behavioral activity up to doses that were approximately 10-fold greater than (R)-SKF-83959. Pretreatment with the selective D1- like receptor antagonist SCH 39166 dose-dependently antagonized increases in eye blinking produced by (R)-SKF-83959, confirming the involvement of D1 mechanisms in its effects.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
