Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan used in the production of niacin. Kynurenine is synthesized by the enzyme tryptophan dioxygenase, which is made primarily but not exclusively in the liver, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which is made in many tissues in response to immune activation. Kynurenine and its further breakdown products carry out diverse biological functions, including dilating blood vessels during inflammation and regulating the immune response. Evidence suggests that increased kynurenine production may precipitate depressive symptoms associated with interferon treatment for hepatitis C. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in the enzymes that break down kynurenine. Kynurenine production is increased in Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease where its metabolites are associated with cognitive deficits and depressive symptoms.

LABRADIMIL, a synthetic bradykinin analog, is a potent bradykinin B2 receptor agonist. It increases vascular permeability by the activation of B2 receptors on the vascular endothelium. It also selectively increases uptake of molecular tracers in brain tumors.

Arfalasin or Hoe 409, an angiotensin II (AII) blocker, inhibits the renin release thus delay recovery of urinary osmolality.

Somatoprim (DG3173) is a heptapeptide somatostatin analog (SSA) that binds with high affinity to sstr2, sstr4 and sstr5 and shows a very low insulin suppression in contrast to other SSA. Initially developed by Ipsen, it is under active development by licensee Aspireo Pharmaceuticals, an Israeli company. In vitro as well as in vivo testing showed a dose-dependent GH lowering effect. Somatoprim has demonstrated a unique receptor binding and pharmacological profile which is differentiated from SSAs that are currently marketed or in clinical development. In particular, Somatoprim has shown an improved side effect profile with reduced adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, assessment of growth hormone secretion in cultured human somatotroph adenoma tissue treated with Somatoprim indicates that it has the potential to increase the response rate of acromegalic patients to SSA therapy. Somatoprim is currently in phase I/II of clinical development.

Ruclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that was developed as an immunosuppressant. Information about the further development of this compound is not available.

Peforelin, a decapeptide analog of the natural gonadotropin acts as the natural gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. This drug under the brand name Maprelin is used in veterinary to stimulate the reproductive function of sows after weaning piglets in the syndrome of sexual depression.

Aldose reductase-IN-1 is an inhibitor of aldose reductase