2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2-KLG) is a direct precursor (lactone) of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C). 2-Keto-L-gulonic Acid is used in biological studies for the formation of sorbitol metabolism by Acetobacter melanogenus. Ketogulonigenium vulgare has long been used in industry to produce 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (2KGA).

Allyl sulfide or diallyl sulfide, a natural organosulfur compound, which is mostly obtained from the genus Allium plants, exhibits anticancer activities. This compound also possesses a protective role in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via suppressing NF-κB downstream inflammatory proteins and p53/Puma signaling pathway. Besides, diallyl sulfide exerts protective properties in experimental Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an incurable disease which affects millions of people. It was also discovered, that diallyl sulfide may be effective in reducing ethanol-induced injury of cells thereby suggesting its potential to be used in drug formulations.