Deptropine citrate is a well-known H1-histamine receptor antagonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist. It is prescribed frequently for treatment of asthma, although there has been a sharp decrease in prescriptions since 1994. Deptropine is gradually being replaced by inhaled beta 2 adrenergic agonists and glucocorticosteroids as the preferred clinical prescription. Recently deptropine has garnered interest as a potential treatment for breast cancer. In vitro studies have shown deptropine citrate has inhibitory effects on cell viability and mammosphere formation in Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs). However, it does not seem to inhibit the self-renewal capacity of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 when it is enriched with Cancer Stem Cells.

Proxazole or 3-alpha-Phenyl-propyl-5-beta-diethylaminoethyl-1,2,3-oxadiazole is a drug used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It’s an unusual drug because it possesses both anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties and because each of these two properties has some uncommon features. The antiinflammatory action takes place mostly against edematous responses and is devoid of ulcerogenic effects which are instead produced by most anti-inflammatory drugs; moreover proxazole prevents indomethacin-induced ulcers without exerting any anti-secretory effect. The antispasmodic activity results in a specific inhibition of smooth muscle spasm, both at the vascular and at the intestinal level, without significant interferences with the physiologic activity of that tissue.

Potassium magnesium citrate has being proven to be an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Liquid potassium magnesium citrate has being studied in clinical trial for controlling Hypertension. Provision of alkali as potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective countermeasure for the increased risk of renal stone disease associated with immobilization. Despite an increase in urine calcium concentration, the relative saturation of calcium oxalate decreased due to citrate chelation of calcium and the concentration of undissociated uric acid decreased due to the significant increase in urine pH. Potassium magnesium citrate is a nutritional supplement that fights kidney stones in three different ways. The potassium provided by the supplement raises the pH of the urine, making it more alkaline, thus reducing the amount of calcium that the urine can dissolve. When there is less calcium in the urine, fewer calcium kidney stones can form. The magnesium in the supplement reduces the amount of calcium the kidneys pump out of the body and into the urine. And the citrate in the supplement keeps oxalates dissolved in the urine so they are flushed away before they can form kidney stones.

Zuclomiphene Citrate is the cis isomer of clomiphene which exhibits weak estrogen agonist activity evaluated for antineoplastic activity against breast cancer. The individual isoforms are not available commercially, but Repros Therapeutics (The Woodlands, TX, USA) has separated them and is using enclomiphene citrate (ENC) in clinical trials in men with secondary hypogonadism who wish to preserve their fertility. Zuclomiphene, possessing no oestrogen antagonism at physiological concentrations, appears to have a longer biological half-life than enclomiphene, and thus may persist for long periods in the body. At high concentrations zuclomiphene can act as an oestrogen agonist. Clomiphene citrate (CC) is often used ‘off-label’ in men who have low testosterone to raise levels, it is also useful for the restoration of sperm counts in men. CC is approved by FDA and widely used in women for induction of ovulation for several conditions. CC is a mixture of two diastereoisomers, a cis isomer, zuclomiphene citrate (ZUC, 38%) and a trans isomer, ENC (62%). The two clomiphene isomers have mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects that vary among species.

Clomiphene (CLOMID®) is a triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. It is an orally administered, nonsteroidal, ovulatory stimulant. Clomiphene (CLOMID®) is a mixture of two geometric isomers [cis (zuclomiphene) and trans (enclomiphene)] containing between 30% and 50% of the cis-isomer. Clomiphene (CLOMID®) initiates a series of endocrine events culminating in a preovulatory gonadotropin surge and subsequent follicular rupture. The first endocrine event in response to a course of clomiphene therapy is an increase in the release of pituitary gonadotropins. This initiates steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis, resulting in growth of the ovarian follicle and an increase in the circulating level of estradiol. Following ovulation, plasma progesterone and estradiol rise and fall as they would in a normal ovulatory cycle.