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N,O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine is a metabolite of venlafaxine, an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. In humans, venlafaxine is biotransformed for the most part by CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 isoenzymes to its major metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and in parallel to N-desmethylvenlafaxine and N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine. It was shown, that CYP2D6 genotype influenced the O-demethylation whereas CYP2C19 influenced the N-demethylation of venlafaxine and its metabolites.
Tacrine analog octahydroaminoacridine (or octohydroaminoacridine) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and was studied for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Phase II clinical trial was successfully completed, where octahydroaminoacridine significantly improved cognitive function and behavior in patients with mild-to-moderate AD and this effect was dose dependent. Now this drug is involved in phase III clinical trial on the stage of recruiting the patients.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Hordenine is a natural Phenethylamine compound that occurs in a number of different plants, but especially barley grass. It is structurally similar to the amino acid Tyramine. It antagonized D2-mediated beta-arrestin recruitment indicating functional selectivity. Hordenine inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing cAMP production, which is involved in the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. Hordenine may be an effective inhibitor of hyperpigmentation. Hordenine is an indirectly acting adrenergic drug. It liberates norepinephrine from stores. In isolated organs and those structures with reduced epinephrine contents, the hordenine-effect is only very poor. Experiments in intact animals (rats, dogs) show that hordenine has a positive inotropic effect upon the heart, increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, peripheral blood flow volume, inhibits gut movements but has no effect upon the psychomotorical behavior of mice. Hordenine is considered to be generally very safe and well-tolerated in healthy adults. Hordenine is a nootropic compound that works equally well for cognitive enhancement and athletic performance.
