Seletalisib (UCB-5857) is a potent, ATP-competitive, and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) delta inhibitor. Findings from cellular assays of adaptive immunity demonstrated that seletalisib blocks human T-cell production of several cytokines from activated T-cells. Additionally, seletalisib inhibited B-cell proliferation and cytokine release. In human whole blood assays, seletalisib inhibited CD69 expression upon B-cell activation and anti-IgE-mediated basophil degranulation. Seletalisib safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles support its continued clinical development in immune-inflammatory diseases. UCB Pharma is developing Seletalisib for the treatment of immune and inflammatory diseases including Activated PI3K delta Syndrome (APDS), Sjogren's syndrome and psoriasis.

Cannabidivarin is a homolog of cannabidiol, with a well-established antiepileptiform profile in preclinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo animal models of epilepsy. The oral bioavailability of cannabidivarin is very low (about 6%) due to erratic absorption and first pass metabolism. After oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration of Cannabidivarin is rising in about three hours and the drug has a large volume of distribution, because of his link to protein plasma, being highly liposoluble, so CBDV can penetrate well to the brain. Cannabidivarin is also metabolized in the liver to 7-COOH and 6-OH metabolites, but the mechanism is also unknown. There is an ongoing phase II double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that is assessing the efficacy and safety of cannabidivarin in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

PQR-309 is an orally bioavailable pan inhibitor of phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K) and inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), with potential antineoplastic activity. PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor PQR-309 inhibits the PI3K kinase isoforms alpha, beta, gamma and delta and, to a lesser extent, mTOR kinase, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in cells overexpressing PI3K/mTOR. By inhibiting mTOR to a lesser extent than PI3K, PQR-309 does not interfere with the mTOR-mediated negative feedback loop on PI3K signaling. Blocking the negative feedback loop would potentially increase PI3K signaling and decrease therapeutic efficacy. PQR-309 is in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, lymphoma and breast cancer. Common adverse events included fatigue, hyperglycemia, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, rash, anorexia and vomiting.

Mapreg is developing pregnenolone methyl ether (MAP4343), an injectable neurosteroid stimulator of the tubulin polymerisation and neurite growth stimulator. The synthetic pregnenolone-derivative MAP4343 (3β-methoxy-preg-nenolone) binds in vitro to microtubule-associated-protein 2 (MAP2), stimulates the polymerization of tubulin, enhances the extension of neurites and protects neurons against neurotoxic agents. MAP4343 has been selected after screening of a large library ofnatural and synthetic steroids. MAP4343 has similar in vitro activity as pregnenolone; it cannot be converted into metabolites with hormonal activities, and has been shown to have in vivo beneficial effects in rat models of spinal cord injury. MAP4343 has an interesting pharmacological profile because no in vitro affinity for any CNS neurotransmitter receptor was found. MAP4343 has been shown to have antidepressant efficacy in rats. In the rat isolation-rearing model of depression, administration of MAP4343 showed persistent efficacy in recovering recognition memory deficit, stronger and more rapid anxiolytic activity, and more rapid rescue of passive coping behavior compared with FLX. The behavioral effects of MAP4343 correlated with changes in α-tubulin isoforms in the hippocampus, amygdala, and pre-frontal cortex (PFC). Its efficacy was also assessed in vivo with the most commonly used thoracic spinal cord compression/contusion models in rats. In the three models used, the post-traumatic subcutaneous injection of MAP4343 significantly improved the recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury, as shown by an earlier and more complete recovery compared to vehicle-treated rats. The results obtained in three different rat models of spinal cord injury demonstrate the beneficial effects of this therapeutic strategy and identify MAP4343 as a potential treatment for acute spinal cord injury. MAP4343 received EU Orphan Drug designation for spinal cord injury. MAP4343 is in phase II clinical trials by Mapreg for the treatment of depression and in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.

TAK-063 is a highly potent, selective, and orally active phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitor with IC50 of 0.30 nM; >15000-fold selectivity over other PDEs. TAK-063 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a cAMP/cGMP phosphodiesterase highly expressed in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. TAK-063 represents a promising drug for the treatment of schizophrenia with potential for superior safety and tolerability profiles.

20-Hydroxyecdysone is a naturally occurring ecdysteroid hormone, which is marketed as dietary supplements that can increase strength and muscle mass during resistance training, particularly bodybuilding. It was found, that 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect body composition or training adaptations nor did they influence the anabolic/catabolic hormone status or general markers of catabolism in resistance-trained males. Because is known, that ecdysteroids have been shown to prevent various changes in mammalian tissues after female sex hormone deprivation. 20-Hydroxyecdysone also was investigated on these properties. It was found in rats, that 20-Hydroxyecdysone had a beneficial effect on reducing blood pressure and consequently preventing dilated cardiac hypertrophy. Some in vitro experiments showed, that 20-hydroxyecdysone had effects on lymphocytes and neutrophils, and may act as an immunomodulator.

RRX-001, also known as ABDNAZ, is a dinitroazetidine derivative with potential radiosensitizing activity. Upon administration, RRx-001 is able to dilate blood vessels, thereby increasing tumor blood flow and thus improving oxygenation to the tumor site. By increasing oxygen levels, these tumor cells may be more susceptible to radiation therapy. Tumor hypoxia is correlated with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy. In mouse models, RRx-001 administered intravenously as a single agent was equipotent to cisplatin while better tolerated. RRx-001 also showed activity as a radiosensitizer in both in vitro and in vivo models. The activity of RRx-001 is thought to be associated with a nucleophilic substitution by circulating thiol compounds and covalent binding of RRx-001 to cysteinyl residues in Hb, followed by the generation of nitrogen oxides. During 2014-2015 EpicentRx has launched Phase 2 trials in brain, colorectal, non-small cell lung, small cell lung and cholangiocarcinoma both alone and in combination. The anti-proliferative effects of RRx-001 are not explainable via a single mechanism. RRx-001 exerts its anti-proliferative effect, at least partially, through interference with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, responsible for maintaining adequate levels of the major cellular reductant, NADPH.

Rivipansel (GMI-1070) is a glycomimetic compound that acts as a pan-selectin inhibitor (binding to E-, P- and L-selectin). It has a 100-fold greater inhibitory acitivity for E-selectin than for P-selectin. In a phase II clinical trial, rivipansel has shown potential to reduce time of resolution for vaso-occlusive crises (although statistically insignificant) and to reduce opioid analgesic use in sickle cell disease patients. Two phase III studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of rivipansel in sickle cell disease patients were still ongoing in 2019. Besides studies in sickle cell disease or related disorders, clinical trials have also evaluated the use of rivipansel in moderate hepatic and renal impairment.