Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide used to control plant diseases caused by Oomycete fungi. Metalaxyl is a racemic mixture of two isomers, one of which, the R-enantiomer, is the active form. This enantiomer is the basis of the fungicide, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), which is effective at half the application rate of metalaxyl. This was developed by Syngenta as a replacement for metalaxyl, and was part of a strategy to stifle generic competition. Metalaxyl`s formulations include granules, wettable powders, dusts, and emulsifiable concentrates. Application may be by foliar or soil incorporation, surface spraying (broadcast or band), drenching, and seed treatment. Metalaxyl registered products either contain metalaxyl as the sole active ingredient or are combined with other active ingredients (e.g., captan, mancozeb, copper compounds, carboxin). Due to its broad-spectrum activity, metalaxyl is used world-wide on a variety of fruit and vegetable crops. Its effectiveness results from inhibition of uridine incorporation into RNA and specific inhibition of RNA polymerase-1. Metalaxyl has both curative and systemic properties. Its mammalian toxicity is classified as EPA toxicity class III and it is also relatively non-toxic to most nontarget arthropod and vertebrate species.

Levamisole (the trade name Ergamisol), an anthelminthic drug with immunological properties. It also has antitumor activity when administered with 5-fluorouracil in patients with Duke's C colorectal carcinoma; however, this use was discontinued. The mechanism of the antitumor effect is unknown but has been postulated to be related to levamisole's immunomodulatory properties. Levamisole can stimulate antibody formation to various antigens, enhance T-cell responses by stimulating T-cell activation and proliferation, potentiate monocyte and macrophage functions including phagocytosis, chemotaxis and increases motility, adherence, and chemotaxis. Levamisole inhibits alkaline phosphatase and possesses cholinergic activity. The mechanism of action of levamisole as an antiparasitic agent, for example, to treat ascariasis, relates to its agonistic activity to L-subtype nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nematode muscles. In addition, levamisole was studied for preventing relapses of the steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (SSINS). It was shown, that alone or in combination with steroids, the drug can prolong the time to relapse and prevented recurrence during one year of treatment. However, these studies also were also discontinued.