L-Arabinose is a monosaccharide extracted from plant gums, corn fiber and beet pulps. It is a poorly-absorbed, readily-available sweet-tasting pentose. L-Arabinose is known to suppress obesity by regulating the fasting blood glucose level and the insulin resistance index. L-arabinose is a non-caloric sugar. L-arabinose may inhibit intestinal sucrase activity and thereby delay sucrose digestion.

L-778123 is a dual inhibitor of Farnesyl Protein Transferase (FPTase) and Geranylgeranyl Protein Transferase type-I (GGPTase-I), which can completely inhibit Ki-Ras prenylation. L-778123 has been used in phase I clinical trials to determine its effectiveness in treating patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. L-778123 was also studied in combination with paclitaxel to determine efficacy as a treatment for both recurrent or refractory solid tumors, and lymphomas.

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid is an amino acid derivative acting as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor, and therefore mimics the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate on that receptor. Unlike glutamate, NMDA only binds to and regulates the NMDA receptor and has no effect on other glutamate receptors (such as those for AMPA and kainate). NMDA receptors are particularly important when they become overactive during withdrawal from alcohol as this causes symptoms such as agitation and, sometimes, epileptiform seizures. NMDA is a water-soluble synthetic substance that is not normally found in biological tissue.

Caffeine N-Acetyl-L-Tryptophan is Caffeine salt which can be used as a stimulant for the nervous system and as a vasodilator.