Dimesna is a prodrug of mesna (dimer of mesna). Dimesna is reduced to mesna in the kidneys. Dimesna does not prevent cellular damage by metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in the renal tubular cell line LLC-PK1. Dimesna is a mucolytic agent used to alleviate toxic side effects of antitumor drugs. The organic acid transporter OAT4 on the luminal side of the proximal renal tubule facilitates the reabsorption of dimesna, and therefore its reduction to mesna, whereas the multidrug and toxin extrusion protein MATE1, the multidrug resistance protein MRP2, and P glycoprotein facilitate the efflux of mesna and/or dimesna back into the lumen; dimesna may also be excreted unchanged by MRP4. It has therefore been suggested that polymorphism of these renal transport proteins or transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions may reduce the efficacy of mesna and dimesna.

Monophosphothiamine is thiamine derivative used for the treatment of neuritis, polyneuritis, asthenic conditions (weakness), as an additional remedy for chronic blood circulation insufficiency, chronic gastritis accompanied by motor and secretory disorders functions of the stomach. Monophosphothiamine underwent metabolic phosphorylation to active metabolite thiamine pyrophosphate, that acts as a coenzyme in the different metabolic process.

KH-176 is a drug candidate developed by pharmaceutical company Khondrion to treat a range of mitochondrial diseases including MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) spectrum disorders. KH176 has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for MELAS spectrum disorders and Leigh disease in Europe and for all inherited mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in the USA. KH176 acts as a potent intracellular redox-modulating agent essential for the control of oxidative and redox pathologies.

Sodium sulfanilate is a salt of sulphanilic acid and has been used to monitor the degree of renal dysfunction in dogs.