Toluene is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a CH3 group attached to a phenyl group. The major use of toluene is as a mixture added to gasoline to improve octane ratings. Toluene is also usedto produce benzene and as a solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances, adhesives, inks, and cleaningagents. Toluene is also used in the production of polymers used to make nylon, plastic soda bottles, andpolyurethanes and for pharmaceuticals, dyes, cosmetic nail products, and the synthesis of organicchemicals. The CNS is the primary target organ for toluene toxicity in both humans and animals for acute and chronicexposures. CNS dysfunction (which is often reversible) and narcosis have been frequently observed inhumans acutely exposed to low or moderate levels of toluene by inhalation; symptoms include fatigue,sleepiness, headaches, and nausea. CNS depression and death have occurred at higher levels of exposure. Toluene is used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for various parasites in dogs and cats. It is used for the removal of ascarids (Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina) and hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala) and as an aid in removing tapeworms (Taenia pisiformis, Dipylidium caninum, and Echinococcus granulosus) from dogs and cats.

Methyl ethyl ketone (butanone) is an industrial solvent produced on a large scale. It is used in surface coatings, adhesives, printing inks, chemical intermediates, magnetic tapes, and lube oil dewaxing agents. Methyl ethyl ketone has a fruity odor similar to acetone. It is used as a flavor/fragrance agent in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

ATBC, Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is a plasticizer which can easily substitute those plasticizers to be phased out by the EU by February 2015. Actually, one of the main ATBC application is substitution of Phthalates plasticizers (Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is a Phthalate-FREE, bio based plasticizer). ATBC, is a safe, non-toxic plasticizer, biodegradable, mainly used as plasticizer of PVC, cellulose resin and synthetic rubber. Some of its main applications are toys for children, medical products such as blood bags, food packaging materials, and cosmetics; as well as all main PVC compounds, and fixative of inks in the flexographic industry. ATBC is almost colourless and odourless oily liquid, free of foreign materials, insoluble in water but soluble in alcohols and organic solvents. Compared with benzoates plasticizers, ATBC is perfectly odourless. Compared with other Phthalate-FREE plasticizers, ATBC is biodegradable, 100% biobased and it is not a kind of hydrogenated phthalate. Acetyl Tributyl Citrate is recognized as a Safe and Biodegradable plasticizer, with fewer biochemical effects.

Dibutyl sebacate (DBS) is an organic chemical which is mainly used as a plasticizer in the production of such plastics as cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and many synthetic rubbers and other plastics. It is used for plastics in the food packaging industry, in medical devices, and for pharmaceutical applications. It is classified as mildly toxic by ingestion in humans and has shown experimental reproductive effects in animals; however, it is also approved by the US-FDA as a food additive to be used with the minimum quantity needed to produce the intended effect.

Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene, is a reactive organochlorine compound that is a widely used chemical building block. Industrially, benzyl chloride is the precursor to benzyl esters which are used as plasticizers, flavorants, and perfumes. Phenylacetic acid, a precursor to pharmaceuticals, is produced from benzyl cyanide, which is generated by treatment of benzyl chloride with sodium cyanide. Quaternary ammonium salts, used as surfactants, are readily formed by alkylation of tertiary amines with benzyl chloride. Benzyl chloride is an alkylating agent with very irritating properties to the skin. Indicative of its high reactivity (relative to alkyl chlorides), benzyl chloride reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous membranes, hydrolysis produces hydrochloric acid. Thus, benzyl chloride is a lachrymator and has been used in chemical warfare.

Acetyltriethyl citrate (ATEC, Acetyl Triethyl Citrate) is a water-soluble plasticizer used in pharmaceutical plasticized polymers. It is an aliphatic ester of citric acid which is a clear oily liquid with essentially no odor. In pharmaceutical polymers, ATEC is used as a hydrophilic plasticizer in the coating of press-coated. tablets that are composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate or enteric polymer films consisting of polymethacrylic acid methylmethacrylate. ATEC is also used in protein films composed of whey protein or sunflower protein for buccal and sublingual films or particulate systems. Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Acetyl Tributyl Citrate are used in nail products at concentrations up to 7%. In a guinea pig maximization test, Acetyl Triethyl Citrate was a sensitizer whereas Acetyl Tributyl Citrate was not. Limited clinical testing of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Acetyl Tributyl Citrate was negative for both skin irritation and sensitization. Physiologic effects noted with intravenous delivery of Acetyl Triethyl Citrate or Acetyl Tributyl Citrate include dose-related decreases in blood pressure and intestinal muscular spasms.

Triethyl citrate is a triester of ethyl alcohol and citric acid. It is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive (E number E1505) to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. Triethyl citrate is a plasticizer, that plays an important role as a dispersing aid in the processing of polylactic acid/chitin nanocrystal (PLA/ChNC) nanocomposites.

Diethyl phthalate is a colourless liquid with a slight aromatic odour and low volatility. Diethyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer for cellulose ester plastic films and sheets (photographic, blister packaging, and tape applications) and moulded and extruded articles (consumer articles such as toothbrushes, automotive components, tool handles, and toys). Diethyl phthalate was reported as an ingredient in 67 cosmetic formulations. Diethyl phthalate is used as a component in insecticide sprays and mosquito repellents. Diethyl phthalate is likely to undergo biodegradation in the environment. General population exposure in the USA, as estimated from urinary concentrations of the monoester, was estimated to be 12 µg/kg body weight per day (median value). Dermally applied diethyl phthalate penetrates the skin and can be widely distributed in the body, but it does not accumulate in tissue. Diethyl phthalate has irritant effects on the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes and can lead to central nervous system (CNS) effects in exposed workers. The exposure to diethyl phthalates (DEP), a parent compound of the monoethyl phthalate (MEP) metabolite, may be associated with increased risk of BC (Odds Ratio of 2.20, p value for trend, p<0.003).

Lercanidipine is antihypertensive drugs which acts by blocking L-type calcium channels, allowing relaxation and opening of blood vessels. Lercanidipine exists as a racemate, with anti-hypertensive activity residing primarily in S-enantiomer. NDA for lercanidipine was submitted to FDA in 2002 by Forest Laboratories, but FDA refused to approve the drug, and lercanidipine is not marketed in USA. Lercanidipine is also investigated in preclinical models of epilepsy and ischemic stroke.