7-Hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is a protein kinase inhibitor which is under development as an anti-cancer agent in the USA and Japan. Although UCN-01 was originally isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. as a protein kinase C-selective inhibitor, its ultimate target as an anti-cancer agent remains elusive. As a single agent, UCN-01 exhibits two key biochemical effects, namely accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Both these effects may be important for its anti-cancer activity. As a modulator, 7-Hydroxystaurosporine enhances the cytotoxicity of other anti-cancer drugs such as DNA-damaging agents and anti-metabolite drugs through putative abrogation of G2 and/or S phase accumulation induced by these anti-cancer agents. 7-Hydroxystaurosporine had been in phase II clinical trials Life Sciences for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma, malignant melanoma, pancreatic cancer, small cell lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer. However, the research was either discontinued or suspended.

PF-03715455 is a potent p38 inhibitor, showing some selectivity for p38-alpha over p38-beta. PF-03715455 inhibited IL-6, MCP-1, MIP1β, CC16 and CRP levels in plasma of healthy subjects. PF-03715455 was optimized for delivery by inhalation. PF-03715455 substantially reduced tobacco-smoke--induced lung neutrophilia and inflammatory damage to the lungs. PF-03715455 had been in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of asthma and phase I clinical trial for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, these investigations were discontinued.

Odalasvir (previously known as ACH-3102) is a second-generation inhibitor of the nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus (HCV). It was reported that HCV NS5A is associated with interferon signaling related to HCV replication and hepatocarcinogenesis. HCV NS5A inhibitors efficiently inhibited HCV replication. It is known that HCV is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japan and is one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease, HCC, and liver transplantation in the United States and Europe. Odalasvir completed phase II clinical trial, where was evaluated efficacy and safety of its combinations with AL-335, and simeprevir in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C Infection.

VX-970 (VE-822) is an ATR kinase inhibitor. VE-822 decreased maintenance of cell-cycle checkpoints, increased persistent DNA damage and decreased homologous recombination in irradiated cancer cells. Vertex Pharmaceuticals is developing VX 970 for the treatment of advanced solid tumours. Phase I/II development is underway in the US for small-cell lung cancer and in the UK for solid tumours. Phase II development of VX 970 as a combination therapy in urogenital cancer, ovarian, primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer indications is underway in the US.

GSK690693 is an aminofurazan derivative, a novel ATP-competitive, low-nanomolar pan-Akt kinase inhibitor. It is selective for the Akt isoforms versus the majority of kinases in other families; however, it does inhibit additional members of the AGC kinase family. GlaxoSmithKline was developing this compound for the treatment of lymphoma solid tumours but the clinical development of this compound was terminated due to the associated side-effect of transient hyperglycemia.

Selonsertib, also known as GS-4997, is a small-molecule inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which promotes inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in settings of increased oxidative stress associated with NASH pathogenesis. GS-4997 prevents the production of inflammatory cytokines, down-regulates the expression of genes involved in fibrosis, suppresses excessive apoptosis and inhibits cellular proliferation. GS-4997 is currently being evaluated in an ongoing Phase 2 study in patients with NASH and moderate to severe liver fibrosis.